Automotive Technology
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781337794213
Author: ERJAVEC, Jack.
Publisher: Cengage,
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1SA
To determine
The CAFÉ standards under which vehicles are tested.
Expert Solution & Answer
Explanation of Solution
CAFÉ stands for Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards. These were established in 1975 to build more fuel-efficient vehicles to increase the overall fuel efficiency of the vehicles. Under the CAFÉ standards, different models from different manufacturers of vehicles are tested for the number of miles they can be driven on a gallon of gas. Then the fuel efficiencies of these vehicles are averaged together. If the average fuel economy of a manufacturer falls below the usual requirement, then the manufacturer has to cover CAFÉ credits or may have to pay a penalty. For this the car makers have replaced many parts of the engine with new technology and techniques to attain higher fuel efficiency in addition to get increased power output. They replaced many manually operated systems with automatic or electronic system to get more fuel efficient vehicles and also get less emission from burning of fuel.
According to estimation, due to CAFÉ standards, the fuel economy will increase nearly to 54.5 mpg between the years 2017 and 2025.
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2. A spur gear made of bronze drives a mid steel pinion with angular velocity ratio of 32: 1. The
pressure angle is 14½. It transmits 5 kW at 1800 r.p.m. of pinion. Considering only strength, design
the smallest diameter gears and find also necessary face width. The number of teeth should not be less
than 15 teeth on either gear. The elastic strength of bronze may be taken as 84 MPa and of steel as 105
MPa. Lewis factor for 14½½ pressure angle may be taken
0.684
0.124
y =
No. of teeth
as
[Ans. m 3 mm; b= 35 mm; Dp = 48 mm; D= 168 mm]
Q2. Determine the safety factors for the bracket rod shown in Figure 2 based on both the
distortion-energy theory and the maximum shear theory and compare them.
Given: The material is 2024-T4 aluminum with a yield strength of 47 000 psi.
The rod length /= 6 in. and arm a = 8 in. The rod outside diameter od 1.5 in., id = 1 in, h=2 in.,
t=0.5 in., Load F= 1000 lb.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Automotive Technology
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