Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 136SCQ

A weighed sample of iron (Fe) is added to liquid bromine (Br2) and allowed to react completely. The reaction produces a single product, which can be isolated and weighed. The experiment was repeated a number of times with different masses of iron but with the same mass of bromine (see graph below).

Chapter 4, Problem 136SCQ, A weighed sample of iron (Fe) is added to liquid bromine (Br2) and allowed to react completely. The

  1. (a) What mass of Br2 is used when the reaction consumes 2.0 g of Fe?
  2. (b) What is the mole ratio of Br2 to Fe in the reaction?
  3. (c) What is the empirical formula of the product?
  4. (d) Write the balanced chemical equation tor the reaction of iron and bromine.
  5. (e) What is the name of the reaction product?
  6. (f) Which statement or statements best describe the experiments summarized by the graph?
    1. (i) When 1.00 g of Fe is added to the Br2, Fe is the limiting reagent.
    2. (ii) When 3.50 g of Fe is added to the Br2, there is an excess of Br2.
    3. (iii) When 2.50 g of Fe is added to the Br2, both reactanu are used up compietely.
    4. (iv) When 2.00 g of Fe is added to the Br2, 10.8 g of product is formed. The percent yield must therefore be 20.0%.

a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mass of Br2 used when the reaction consumes 2.0gofFe has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass                 
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol).
  • For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
    • Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal. Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.
    • Limiting reagent: limiting reagent is a reactant, which consumes completely in the chemical reaction. The quantity of the product depends on this limiting reagent, it can be determined with the help of balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Herein weighted sample of iron is added to liquid bromine and allowed to react completely. The reaction produces a single product which can be isolated and weighed.

The experiment was repeated a number of times with different masses of iron but with the same mass of bromine. The graphical representation for this reaction is,

                         Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 4, Problem 136SCQ , additional homework tip  1

From the graph it is clear that, when 2gofFe consumed 11g of product is formed.

So that the mass of Br2 used when the reaction consumes 2.0gofFe is,

                  11-2=9g

The mass of Br2 used when the reaction consumes 2.0gofFe is 9g

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mole ratio of Br2 to Fe in the reaction has to be answered.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass                 
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol).
  • For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
    • Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal. Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.
    • Limiting reagent: limiting reagent is a reactant, which consumes completely in the chemical reaction. The quantity of the product depends on this limiting reagent, it can be determined with the help of balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Herein weighted sample of iron is added to liquid bromine and allowed to react completely. The reaction produces a single product which can be isolated and weighed.

The experiment was repeated a number of times with different masses of iron but with the same mass of bromine. And 9g of Br2 is used when the reaction consumes 2.0gofFe.

The mole ratio of Br2 to Fe in the reaction can be calculated from its number of moles as follows,

Number of moles in 9gofBr = 9g80g/mol=0.1125mol

Number of moles in 2gofFe = 2g56g/mol=0.0357mol

Mole ratios of elements are determined by dividing the number of moles of each element by the smallest amount present.

           0.1125molBr0.0357molFe=3.15molBr1molFe

Therefore the mole ratio of Br2 to Fe in the reaction is, Br:Fe=3:1         

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The empirical formula of the product has to be calculated.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass                 
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol).
  • For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
    • Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal. Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.
    • Limiting reagent: limiting reagent is a reactant, which consumes completely in the chemical reaction. The quantity of the product depends on this limiting reagent, it can be determined with the help of balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Herein weighted sample of iron is added to liquid bromine and allowed to react completely. The reaction produces a single product which can be isolated and weighed.

The experiment was repeated a number of times with different masses of iron but with the same mass of bromine. And 9g of Br2 is used when the reaction consumes 2.0gofFe.

The mole ratio of Br2 to Fe in the reaction can be calculated from its number of moles as follows,

Number of moles in 9gofBr = 9g80g/mol=0.1125mol

Number of moles in 2gofFe = 2g56g/mol=0.0357mol

Mole ratios of elements are determined by dividing the number of moles of each element by the smallest amount present.

           0.1125molBr0.0357molFe=3.15molBr1molFe

Therefore the mole ratio of Br2 to Fe in the reaction is, Br:Fe=3:1

The empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio. The translation of this ratio (41) to whole number ratio can usually be done quickly by trial and error.

So the empirical formula of product is FeBr3.

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The balanced chemical equation for the reaction of iron and bromine has to be written.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass                 
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol).
  • For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
    • Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal. Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.
    • Limiting reagent: limiting reagent is a reactant, which consumes completely in the chemical reaction. The quantity of the product depends on this limiting reagent, it can be determined with the help of balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Herein weighted sample of iron is added to liquid bromine and allowed to react completely. The reaction produces a single product which can be isolated and weighed.

The balanced equation for this reaction is,

            2Fe+3Br22FeBr3

(e)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The reaction product has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass                 
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol).
  • For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
    • Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal. Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.
    • Limiting reagent: limiting reagent is a reactant, which consumes completely in the chemical reaction. The quantity of the product depends on this limiting reagent, it can be determined with the help of balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Explanation of Solution

Herein weighted sample of iron is added to liquid bromine and allowed to react completely. The reaction produces a single product which can be isolated and weighed.

The balanced equation for this reaction is,

            2Fe+3Br22FeBr3

The name of the product is Iron(III)bromideorFerricbromide

(f)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

By using the graphical data given set of questions has to be answered.

Concept introduction:

  • Empirical formula of a compound represents the smallest whole number relative ratio of elements in that compound.
  • Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass                 
  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol).
  • For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
    • Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal. Stoichiometric factor is a relationship between reactant and product which is obtained from the balanced chemical equation for a particular reaction.
    • Limiting reagent: limiting reagent is a reactant, which consumes completely in the chemical reaction. The quantity of the product depends on this limiting reagent, it can be determined with the help of balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

The statement (i) “when 1.00g of Fe is added to the Br2, Fe is the limiting reagent” is the correct statement to describe the experiments summarized by the graph.

Explanation of Solution

Reason for the correct option:

    Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity, Chapter 4, Problem 136SCQ , additional homework tip  2

From the graph the mass of product produced is predominantly depend on the mass of iron. And so it is completely consumed in to product. Therefore Fe acts as the limiting reagent.  

Reason for the incorrect options:

Incorrect statement and its reasons are explained below,

 (ii) When 3.50g of Fe is added to the Br2, there is an excess of Br2.

In this condition Br2 has to acts as a limiting reagent. But in this statement Br2 is excess. Therefore this statement is incorrect.

(iii) When 2.50 g of Fe is added to the Br2, both reactants are used up completely.

When 1.00g of Fe is added to the Br2, Fe is the limiting reagent and so if 2.50 g of Fe is added to the Br2, the reactant Br2 has to be present in excess. Therefore this statement is incorrect.

(iv)When 2.00 g of Fe is added to the Br2, 10.8 g of product is formed. The percent yield must therefore be 20.0%.

If 2.00 g of Fe is added to the Br2, 11 g of product is formed. Here in this statement 10.8 g of product formed. So the percent yield will be more than 20.0%. And so this is an incorrect statement.

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

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