Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 17PS

In the thermite reaction, iron(III) oxide is reduced by aluminum to give molten iron

Fe2O3(S) + 2 Al(S) → 2 Fe(l) + Al2O3(S)

If you begin with 10.0 g of Fe2O3 and 20.0 g of AI,

  1. (a) Which reactant is limiting?
  2. (b) What mass of Fe can be produced?
  3. (c) What mass of the excess reactant remains after the limiting reactant is consumed?
  4. (d) Set up an amounts table for this problem.

 (a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

 Interpretation:

 The limiting reactant of the reaction has to be identified.

 Concept introduction:

 Limiting reagent: limiting reagent is a reactant, which consumes completely in the chemical reaction.  The quantity of the product depends on this limiting reagent, it can be determined with the help of balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

Answer to Problem 17PS

 Fe2O3is the limiting reactant in the given reaction.

Explanation of Solution

 Balanced chemical equation for the given reaction is,

  Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s)2Fe(l)+Al2O3(s)

 To find the mass of product formed in the reaction, the amount of each reactant involved in the given reaction should be determined.

 Therefore,

AmountofFe2O3=10.0gFe2O3×1molFe2O3159.69g=0.06262molFe2O3AmountofAl=20.0gAl×1molAl26.98g=0.74128molAl

The mass of Feand Al2O3 expected based on each reactant is,

0.06262molFe2O3×2molFeformed1molFe2O3available×55.8450gFe1molFe=6.994gFe0.74128molAl×1molAl2O3formed2molAlavailable×101.96gAl2O31molAlCl3=37.79gAl2O3

 The amount of Fe2O3available produces fewer products than the amount of Al available.

 Therefore, the reactant Fe2O3is the limiting reactant.

 (b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

 Interpretation:

 Mass of Fe produced in the reaction has to be determined.

 Concept Introduction:

  • The number of moles of any substance can be determined  using the equation,

  Numberofmole=GivenmassofthesubstanceMolarmass

  • The molar mass of an element or compound is the mass in grams of 1 mole of that substance, and it is expressed in the unit of grams per mol (g/mol).
  • For chemical reaction balanced chemical reaction equation written in accordance with the Law of conservation of mass.
  • Law of conservation of mass states that for a reaction total mass of the reactant and product must be equal.

Answer to Problem 17PS

 The maximum mass of Fethat can be produced is6.994g.

Explanation of Solution

 From the previous calculation, the amount of Fe2O3available produces fewer products than the amount of Al available..

The mass of Fe expected based on each reactant is,

0.06262molFe2O3×2molFeformed1molFe2O3available×55.8450gFe1molFe=6.994gFe

 The maximum mass of Fethat can be produced is6.994g.

 (c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

 Interpretation:

 Mass of excess reactant remains after the consumption of limiting reactant has to be calculated.

Answer to Problem 17PS

 The excess mass of the reactant remains after the limiting reactant is consumed is 16.6211gAl.

Explanation of Solution

 The mass of Al remains when all the Fe2O3 has been converted to product can be determined as follows,

  0.06262molFe2O3×2molAl1molFe2O3×26.98gAl1molAl=3.3789gAlrequired

 Reaction began with 20.0gof Albut only 3.3789gAlis required by the limiting reactant, thus the mass of Al that is present in excess is,

  20.0gAlpresent-3.3789gAl required=16.6211gAlleft

 (d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark
Interpretation Introduction

 Interpretation:

 Amount table for the given problem has to be set up.

Explanation of Solution

The results of the above calculations can be summarized in an amounts table as follows,

Equation

      Fe2O3(s)+2Al(s)2Fe(l)+Al2O3(s)

Initial amount (mol)

  

      0.06262

  

      0.7412

          

          0

0

Change in amount upon reaction (mol)

      -0.06262

  

     -0.1252

   +0.1252

+0.06262

Amount after complete reaction (mol)

          

            0

       

      0.6160

   0.1252

0.06262

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Chapter 4 Solutions

Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity

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