Problem 1PE Problem 2PE: Practice Exercise 4.2
Write equations that show what happens when the following solid ionic... Problem 3PE: Practice Exercise 4.3 When solutions of (NH4)2SO4 and Ba(NO3)2 are mixed, a precipitate of BaSO4... Problem 4PE: Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction of aqueous solutions of cadmium... Problem 5PE: Practice Exercise 4.5
Propanoic acid, , is only slightly ionized when dissolved in water. Write the... Problem 6PE: Practice Exercise 4.6
Nitric acid, , is a strong acid that can be used to make explosives. Nitrous... Problem 7PE Problem 8PE: Practice Exercise 4.8 Ethylamine, a base in water, has the following structure: It is used in the... Problem 9PE: Practice Exercise 4.9
Citric acid is the acid in citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, and oranges.... Problem 10PE: Practice Exercise 4.10
Hydrogen sulfide is responsible for the smell of rotten eggs, and dissolves... Problem 11PE: Name the aqueous solutions of the following acids: HF, HI. (Hint: These are binary acids.) Naming... Problem 12PE: Using the colors of the atoms to identify the elements, name the acid having the structure below.... Problem 13PE: Show that, in aqueous solutions, there is a net reaction between Zn(NO3)2andCa(OH)2. (Hint: Write... Problem 14PE: Predict what occurs on mixing the following solutions, by writing the molecular, ionic, and net... Problem 15PE: Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the neutralization of HNO3(aq)byCa(OH)2(aq).... Problem 16PE: Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction of (a) HClwithKOH and (b) barium... Problem 17PE: Write molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction of the weak base methyl- amine,... Problem 18PE Problem 19PE: Write molecular equations for the stepwise neutralization of arsenic acid by sodium hydroxide. What... Problem 20PE: Practice Exercise 4.20
Knowing char salts of the formate ion, , are water soluble, predict the... Problem 21PE Problem 22PE Problem 23PE Problem 24PE Problem 25PE: Practice Exercise 4.25 What is the molarity of a solution made using 2.75 g of Kl dissolved in... Problem 26PE: Practice Exercise 4.26
If a reaction requires 0.142 moles of , how many milliliters of are needed?... Problem 27PE: Practice Exercise 4.27 A student measured 175 mL of 0.250 MHCl solution into a beaker. How many... Problem 28PE: Suppose you wanted to prepare 50 mL of 0.2MSr(NO3)2 solution. Using the kind of approximate... Problem 29PE: Practice Exercise 4.29
How many grams of are needed to prepare 250.0 mL of solution?
Problem 30PE Problem 31PE Problem 32PE: Practice Exercise 4.32
How many milliliters of water have to be added to 150 mL of to reduce the... Problem 33PE: How many milliliters of 0.0475MH3PO4 could be completely neutralized by 45.0 mL of 0.100 M KOH? The... Problem 34PE Problem 35PE Problem 36PE: In a solution of Na3PO4, the PO43 concentration was determined to be 0.250 M. What was the sodium... Problem 37PE: Suppose 18.4 mL of 0.100 M AgNO3 solution was needed to react completely with 20.5 mL of CaCl2... Problem 38PE: How many milliliters of 0.500 M KOH are needed to react completely with 60.0 mL of 0.250 MFeCl2... Problem 39PE: Practice Exercise 4.39
A solution containing was treated with 0.150 M solution until all the... Problem 40PE: When 35.00 mL of Na2CO3 was reacted with 29.06 mL of a 0.125MCaCl2 solution, all of the carbonate... Problem 41PE: In a titration, a sample of H2SO4 solution having a volume of 15.00 mL required 36.42 mL of... Problem 42PE: Practice Exercise 4.42
“Stomach acid” is a hydrochloric acid solution. A sample of stomach acid... Problem 43PE: A sample of a mixture containing CaCl2andMgCl2 weighed 2.000 g. The sample was dissolved in water,... Problem 1RQ: Define: (a) solvent, (b) solute, (c) concentration. Problem 2RQ: 4.2 Describe: (a) concentrated, (b) dilute, (c) saturated, (d) unsaturated, (e) supersaturated, (f)... Problem 3RQ: Why are chemical reactions often carried out using solutions? Problem 4RQ: Describe what will happen if a crystal of sugar is added to (a) a saturated sugar solution, (b) a... Problem 5RQ: What is the meaning of the term precipitate? What condition must exist for a precipitate to form... Problem 6RQ: 4.6 Explain how a solution can be called concentrated and dilute at the same time.
Problem 7RQ: Why is an electrolyte able to conduct electricity while a nonelectrolyte cannot? Problem 8RQ: Which compounds are likely to be electrolytes and which are likely to be nonelectrolytes? , iron(II)... Problem 9RQ: What does it mean when we say that an ion is hydrated? Problem 10RQ: Define dissociation as it applies to ionic compounds that dissolve in water. Why dont strong bases... Problem 11RQ: How can you tell that the following is a net ionic equation? Al3+(aq)+3OH-(aq)Al(OH)3(s) Problem 12RQ: What two conditions must be fulfilled by a balanced ionic equation? The following equation is nor... Problem 13RQ: 4.13 Give two general properties of an acid. Give two general properties of a base.
Problem 14RQ: 4.14 If you believed a solution was basic, which color litmus paper (blue or pink) would you use to... Problem 15RQ: How did Arrhenius define an acid and a base? Problem 16RQ: How does ionization differ from dissociation? Problem 17RQ: Which of the following undergo dissociation in water? Which undergo ionization?... Problem 18RQ: 4.18 Which of the following oxides would yield an acidic solution when they react with water? Which... Problem 19RQ: 4.19 What is a dynamic equilibrium? Using acetic acid as an example. describe why all the molecules... Problem 20RQ: 4.20 Why don’t we use double arrows in the equation for the reaction of a strong acid with water?
Problem 21RQ: Which of the following are strong acids? (a)HCN,(b)HNO3,(c)H2SO3,(d)HCl,(e)HCHO2,(f)HNO2 Problem 22RQ: 4.22 Which are classified as strong bases when dissolved in water?
Problem 23RQ: Methylamine, CH3NH2, reacts with hydronium ions in very much the same manner as ammonia.... Problem 24RQ: A student was asked to draw the structure of the ion formed when propanoic acid (an organic acid... Problem 25RQ: Would the molecule shown below be acidic or basic in water? What would you do to the structure to... Problem 26RQ: Explain the difference between the names of H2Se(g)andH2Se(aq). Problem 27RQ: Iodine, like chlorine, forms four oxoacids and one binary add. What arc the formulas and the names... Problem 28RQ Problem 29RQ: Explain how the two acid salts of phosphoric acids are formed from the reaction of H3PO4withNaOH,... Problem 30RQ: What factors lead to the existence of a net ionic equation in a reaction between ions? Problem 31RQ: Explain the three processes that can drive an ionic reaction. Problem 32RQ: Silver bromide is insoluble. What does this mean about the concentrations of Ag+andBr- in a... Problem 33RQ: What gas is formed if HC1 is added t (a)NaHCO3,(b)Na2S, and (c) potassium sulfite? Problem 34RQ: What is the definition of molarity? Show that the ratio of millimoles (mmol) to milliliters (mL) is... Problem 35RQ: A solution is labeled 0.25MHCl. Construct two conversion factors that relate moles of HCl to the... Problem 36RQ: When the units molarity and liter are multiplied, what are the resulting units? Problem 37RQ: 4.37 When a solution labeled is diluted with water to give , what happens to the number of moles of... Problem 38RQ: Two bottles, A and B, are labeled 0.100MCaCl2and0.200MCaCl2, respectively. Both solutions in the... Problem 39RQ Problem 40RQ Problem 41RQ: Describe each of the following: (a) buret, (b) titration, (c) titrant, and (d) end point. Problem 42RQ: What is the function of an indicator in a titration? What color is phenolphthalein in (a) an acidic... Problem 43RQ: 4.43 Classify each of the following as a strong electrolyte or nonelectrolyte.
Problem 44RQ: Classify each of the following as a strong electrolyte or nonelectrolyte.... Problem 45RQ: Write equations for the dissociation of the following in water: (a)LiF,(b)KMnO4, (c) potassium... Problem 46RQ: Write equations for the dissociation of the following in water: (a)CaCl2,(b)(NH4)2SO4, (c) sodium... Problem 47RQ Problem 48RQ Problem 49RQ: The following equation shows the formation of cobalt(II) hydroxide, a compound used to improve the... Problem 50RQ Problem 51RQ: Pure HClO4 is a molecular substance. In water it is a strong acid. Write an equation for its... Problem 52RQ Problem 53RQ: Pure HI is a gas at room temperature and reacts with water as a strong acid. Write an equation for... Problem 54RQ: When chloric acid reacts with water, it reacts as a strong acid. Write an equation for this... Problem 55RQ: Hydrazine is a toxic substance that can form when household ammonia is mixed with a bleach such as... Problem 56RQ: Pyridine. C5H5N, is a fishy-smelling compound used as an intermediate in making insecticides. It is... Problem 57RQ: Nitrous acid, HNO2, is a weak acid that can form when sodium nitrite, a meat preservative, reacts... Problem 58RQ: Pentanoic acid, HC5H9O2, is found in a plant called valerian, which cats seem to like almost as much... Problem 59RQ: Atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in raindrops, resulting in a solution of carbonic acid that... Problem 60RQ: Arsenic acid, H3AsO4, is a very toxic weak acid. It undergoes ionization in three steps. Write... Problem 61RQ: 4.61 Name these acids: (a) , (b) .
Problem 62RQ: 4.62 Name these acids: (a) , (b) .
Problem 63RQ: Name these acids that bromine forms, (a)HBrO4,(b)HBrO3,(c)HBrO2,(d)HBrO,(c)HBr. Problem 64RQ Problem 65RQ: For the acids in Problem 4.63, name the ions formed by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from each acid. Problem 66RQ: For the acids in Problem 4.64, name the ions formed by removing a hydrogen ion (H+) from each acid. Problem 67RQ Problem 68RQ: Write the formula for (a) permanganic acid, (b) sulfurous acid, and (c) dichromic add. Problem 69RQ: Name the following acid salts: (a)NaHCO3,(b)KH2PO4,(c)(NH4)2HPO4. Problem 70RQ: Name the following acid salts: (a)KHSO4,(b)LiHSO3,(c)PbHAsO4. Problem 71RQ: 4.71 Name the following oxoacids and give the names and formulas of the salts formed from them by... Problem 72RQ: Name the following oxoacids and give the names and formulas of the salts formed from them by... Problem 73RQ Problem 74RQ Problem 75RQ Problem 76RQ: Oxalic acid, H2C2O4, is the poison in rhubarb leaves. Name its potassium salt. Problem 77RQ Problem 78RQ: Potassium stearate, KC18H36O2, is an effective soap for washing your hands or clothes. What acid is... Problem 79RQ: Use the solubility rules to decide which compounds are soluble in water. (a) Ca(NO3)2 (d) silver... Problem 80RQ: Predict which compounds are soluble in water. (a) HgBr2 (d) ammonium phosphate (b) Sr(NO3)2 (e)... Problem 81RQ: 4.81 Complete and balance the following molecular equations, being careful to apply the solubility... Problem 82RQ: Complete and balance the following molecular equations, being careful to apply the solubility rules.... Problem 83RQ: Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the reaction between NaClandAgNO3 solutions... Problem 84RQ: 4.84 Write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the aqueous reaction between that... Problem 85RQ: 4.85 Aqueous solutions of sodium sulfide and copper(II) nitrate are mixed. A precipitate of... Problem 86RQ: If an aqueous solution of iron(III) sulfate (a compound used in dyeing textiles and also for etching... Problem 87RQ: Complete and balance the following equations. For each, write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic... Problem 88RQ: Complete and balance the following equations. For each, write the molecular, ionic, and net ionic... Problem 89RQ: How would the electrical conductivity of a solution of barium hydroxide change as a solution of... Problem 90RQ: How would the electrical conductivity of a solution of acetic acid change as a solution of ammonia... Problem 91RQ Problem 92RQ Problem 93RQ: Sodium sulfide and hydrochloric acid react to form a gas. Write the balanced molecular and net ionic... Problem 94RQ: Write the balanced molecular and net ionic equation for the reaction between sulfuric acid and... Problem 95RQ: Explain why the following reactions take place. (a) CrCl3+3NaOHCr(OH)3+3NaCl (b) ZnO+2HBrZnBr2+H2O Problem 96RQ Problem 97RQ: Complete and balance the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following reactions. (a)... Problem 98RQ: 4.98 Complete and balance the molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following... Problem 99RQ: Write balanced molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following pairs of reactants. If... Problem 100RQ: 4.100 Write balanced molecular, ionic, and net ionic equations for the following pairs of reactants.... Problem 101RQ: Choose reactants that would yield the following net ionic equations. Write molecular equations for... Problem 102RQ: Suppose that you wanted to prepare copper(II) carbonate by a precipitation reaction involving Cu2+... Problem 103RQ: Calculate the molarity of a solution prepared by dissolving (a) 0.17 mol sulfuric add in 85 mL of... Problem 104RQ: 4.104 Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains
(a) mol cobalt(II) sulfate in 35.0 mL of... Problem 105RQ: Calculate the molality of a solution prepared by dissolving (a) 4.00 g of sodium hydroxide in a... Problem 106RQ: Calculate the molarity of a solution that contains (a) 3.60 g of sulfuric acid in 450.0 mL of... Problem 107RQ: 4.107 How many milliliters of 0.265 M are needed to supply 14.3 g ?
Problem 108RQ Problem 109RQ: Calculate the number of grams of each solute that has to be taken to make each of the following... Problem 110RQ: How many grams of solute are needed to make each of the following solutions? (a) 250.0 mL of 0.100 M... Problem 111RQ: If 25.0 mL of 0.56 M H2SO4 is diluted to a volume of 125 mL, what is the molarity of the resulting... Problem 112RQ: A 150 mL sample of 0.450 M HNO3 is diluted to 450 mL. What is the molarity of the resulting... Problem 113RQ: 4.113 To what volume must 25.0 mL of 18.0 be diluted to produce 1.50 ?
Problem 114RQ: To what volume must 50.0 mL of 1.50 MHCl be diluted to produce 0.200 MHCl? Problem 115RQ: How many milliliters of water must he added to 150.0 mL of 2.50 M KOH to give a 1.00 Absolution?... Problem 116RQ: How many milliliters of water must be added to 120.0mLof1.50MHCl to give 1.00MHCl? (Assume the... Problem 117RQ: 4.117 Calculate the number of moles of each of the ions in the following solutions.
(a)
(b) ,
Problem 118RQ: Calculate the number of moles of each of the ions in the following solutions. (a)... Problem 119RQ: 4.119 Calculate the concentrations of each of the ions in .
Problem 120RQ: Calculate the concentrations of each of the ions in... Problem 121RQ: In a solution of A12(SO4)3theAl3+ concentration is 0.125 M. How many grams of Al2(SO4)3 are in 50.0... Problem 122RQ: 4.122 In a solution of concentration is 0.0556 M. How many grams of are in 225 mL of this... Problem 123RQ: How many milliliters of 0.258 M NiCl2 solution are needed to react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.153... Problem 124RQ: How many milliliters of 0.100 M NaOH are needed to completely neutralize 25.0 mL of 0.250MH2CH4O6?... Problem 125RQ: What is the molarity of an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide if 21.34 mL is exactly... Problem 126RQ: What is the molarity of an aqueous phosphoric acid solution if 12.88 mL is completely neutralized by... Problem 127RQ Problem 128RQ: 4.128 How many grams of baking soda, , are needed to react with 162 mL of stomach acid having an HCl... Problem 129RQ: How many milliliters of 0.150MFeCl3 solution are needed to react completely with 20.0 mL of 0.0450 M... Problem 130RQ: 4.130 How many grams of cobalt(II) chloride are needed to react completely with 60.0 mL of 0.200 M... Problem 131RQ: Consider the reaction of aluminum chloride with silver acetate. How many milliliters of 0.250 M... Problem 132RQ: How many milliliters of ammonium sulfate solution having a concentration of 0.250 M are needed to... Problem 133RQ: Suppose that 4.00 g of solid Fe2O3 is added to 25.0 mL of 0.500 M HCl solution. What will the... Problem 134RQ: Suppose 3.50 g of solid Mg(OH)2 is added to 30.0 mL of 0.500 M H2SO4 solution. What will the... Problem 135RQ: In a titration, 23.25 mL of 0.105 M NaOH was needed to react with 21.45 mL of HCl solution. What is... Problem 136RQ: A 12.5 mL sample of vinegar, containing acetic acid, was titrated using 0.504 M NaOH solution. The... Problem 137RQ: 4.137 Lactic acid, , is a monoprotic acid that forms when milk sours. An 18.5 mL sample of a... Problem 138RQ: 4.138 Oxalic acid, a diprotic acid having the formula , is used to clean the rust out of radiators... Problem 139RQ: A certain lead ore contains the compound PbCO3. A sample of the ore weighing l.526 g was treated... Problem 140RQ: An ore of barium contains BaCO3. A 1.542 g sample of the ore was treated with HCl to dissolve the... Problem 141RQ: If a solution of sodium phosphate (also known as trisodium phosphate, or TSP), Na3PO4, is poured... Problem 142RQ Problem 143RQ: Suppose that 25.0 mL of 0.440MNaCl is added to 25.0 mL of 0.320MAgNO3. (a) How many moles of AgCl... Problem 144RQ: A mixture is prepared by adding 25.0 mL of 0.185 M Na3PO4to34.0mLof0.140MCa(NO3)2. (a) What mass of... Problem 145RQ: Classify each of the following as a strong electrolyte, weak electrolyte, or nonelectrolyte.... Problem 146RQ: Aspirin is a monoprotic acid called acetylsalicylic acid. Its formula is HC9H7O4. A certain pain... Problem 147RQ: In an experiment, 40.0 mL of 0.270 M barium hydroxide was mixed with 25.0 mL of 0.330 M aluminum... Problem 148RQ: 4.148 How many milliliters of 0.10MHCl must be added to 50.0 mL of 0.40MHCl to give a final solution... Problem 149RQ: 4.149 Write an equation for the reaction of sodium hydroxide with the chloride salt of the cation... Problem 150RQ: *4.150 Magnesium sulfate forms a hydrate known as Epsom salts. A student dissolved 1.24 g of this... Problem 151RQ: Qualitative analysis of an unknown acid found only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. In a quantitative... Problem 152RQ: *4.152 A mixture was known to contain both . To 0.486 g of the mixture, dissolved in enough water to... Problem 153RQ: *4.153 A 25.0 mL sample of vinegar with a density of , containing acetic acid, was titrated using ... Problem 154RQ Problem 155RQ: 4.155 Compare the advantages and disadvantages of performing a titration using the mass of the... Problem 156RQ: What kinds of experiments could you perform to measure the solubility of a substance in water?... Problem 157RQ: Describe experiments, both qualitative and quantitative, that you could perform to show that lead... Problem 158RQ: How could you check the accuracy of a 100 mL volumetric flask? Problem 159RQ: A white substance was known to be either magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, or zinc oxide. A... Problem 160RQ: A steel cylinder with a diameter of 10.0 cm and a length of 30.0 cm was coated with a thin layer of... Problem 161RQ: Suppose a classmate doubted that an equilibrium really exists between acetic acid and its ions in an... Problem 162RQ: When Arrhenius originally proposed that ions exist in solution, his idea was not well received.... Problem 163RQ: Carbon dioxide is one obvious contributor to excessive global warming. What is your plan for... format_list_bulleted