E Essentials: Units, Measurement, And Problem Solving 1 Atoms 2 The Quantum-mechanical Model Of The Atom 3 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 4 Molecules And Compounds 5 Chemical Bonding 6 Chemical Bonding 7 Chemical Reactions And Chemical Quantities 8 Introduction To Solutions And Aqueous Reactions 9 Thermochemistry 10 Gases 11 Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular Forces 12 Crystalline Solids And Modern Materials 13 Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acids And Bases 17 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 18 Free Energy And Thermodynamics 19 Electrochemistry 20 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry 21 Organic Chemistry 22 Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1E: How does a developing fetus get oxygen in the womb? Problem 2E: What is dynamic equilibrium? Why is it called dynamic? Problem 3E: Give the general expression for the equilibrium constant of the following generic reaction:... Problem 4E: What is the significance of the equilibrium constant? What does a large equilibrium constant tell us... Problem 5E: What happens to the value of the equilibrium constant for a reaction if the reaction equation is... Problem 6E: If two reactions sum to an overall reaction, and the equilibrium constants for the two reactions are... Problem 7E: Explain the difference between Kcand Kp. For a given reaction, how are the two constants related? Problem 8E: What units should you use when expressing concentrations or partial pressures in the equilibrium... Problem 9E: Why do we omit the concentrations of solids and liquids from equilibrium expressions? Problem 10E: Does the value of the equilibrium constant depend on the initial concentrations of the reactants and... Problem 11E: Explain how you might deduce the equilibrium constant for a reaction in which you know the intial... Problem 12E: What is the definition of the reaction quotient () for a reaction? What does measure? Problem 13E: What is the value of when each reactant and product is in its standard state? (See Section 9.10 for... Problem 14E Problem 15E: Many equilibrium calculations involve finding the equilibrium concentrations of reactants and... Problem 16E: In equilibrium problems involving equilibrium constants that are small to the initial concentrations... Problem 17E: What happens to a chemical system at equilibrium when equilibrium is disturbed? Problem 18E: What is the effect of a change in concentration of a reactant or product on a chemical reaction... Problem 19E: What is the effect of a change in volume on a chemical reaction (that includes gaseous reactants or... Problem 20E: What is the effect of temperature change on a chemical initially at equilibrium? How does the effect... Problem 21E: Write an expression for the equilibrium constant of each chemical equation: a. SbCl5(g)SbCl5+Cl2(g)... Problem 22E: Find and fix each mistake in the equilibrium constant expressions: a.... Problem 23E: When the reaction comes to equilibrium, will the concentrations of the reactants or products be... Problem 24E: Ethene (C2H4) can be halogenated by this reaction: C2H4(g)+X2(g)C2H4X(g) Where X2 can be Cl2 (green)... Problem 25E: H2 and I2 are combined in a flask and allowed to react according to the reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g)... Problem 26E: A chemist trying to synthesize a particular compound attempts two different synthesis reactions. The... Problem 27E: This reaction has an equilibrium constant of Kp=2.26104 at 298 K: CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) Calculate: Kp... Problem 28E: This reaction has an equilibrium constant of Kp=2.26106 at 298 K: 2COF2(g)CO2(g)+CF4(g) Calculate Kp... Problem 29E Problem 30E: Use the following reactions and their equilibrium constants to predict the equilibrium constant for... Problem 31E: Calculate Kc for reaction a. I2(g)2I(g)Kp=6.261022 (at 298 K) b. CH4(g)+H2O(g)CO(g)+3H2(g) c.... Problem 32E: Calculate Kpfor each reaction. a. N2O4(g)2NO2(g) Kc=5.9103 (at 298 K) b. N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g)... Problem 33E: Write an equilibrium expression for each chemical equation for each chemical equation involving one... Problem 34E: Find and fix the mistake in the equilibrium expression: PCl5(g)PCl3(l)+Cl2(g)Kc=[PCl3][Cl2][PCl5] Problem 35E: Consider the reaction: CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) An equilibrium mixture of this reaction at a certain... Problem 36E: Consider the reaction: NH4HS(s)NH3(g)+H2S(g) An equilibrium mixture of this reaction at a certain... Problem 37E: Consider the reaction: N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) Complete the table. Assume that all concentrations are... Problem 38E: Consider the reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g) Complete the table. Assume that all concentrations are... Problem 39E: Consider the reaction: 2NO(g)+Br2(g)2NOBr(g)Kp= 28.4 at 298 K In a reaction mixture at equilibrium,... Problem 40E: Consider the reaction: SO2Cl2(g)SO2+Cl2(g)Kp=2.91103 at 298 K In a reaction at equilibrium, the... Problem 41E: For the reaction A(g)2B(g) , a reaction vessel initially contains only A at a pressure of PA = 1.32... Problem 42E: For the reaction 2A(g)B(g)+2C(g) , a reaction vessel initially contains only A at a pressure of PA =... Problem 43E: Consider the reaction: Fe33+(aq)+SCN(aq)FeSCN2+(aq) A solution is made containing an initial [Fe3+]... Problem 44E: Consider the reaction: SO2Cl2(g)SO2+Cl2(g) A reaction mixture is made containing an initial [SO2Cl2]... Problem 45E: Consider the reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g) A reaction mixture in a 3.67 L flask at a certain... Problem 46E: Consider the reaction. CO(g)+2H2(g)CH3OH(g) A reaction mixture in a 5.19 L flask at a certain... Problem 47E: Consider the reaction: NH4HS(s)NH3(g)+H2S(g) At a certain temperature, Kc=8.5103 . A reaction... Problem 48E: Consider the reaction: 2H2S(g)2H2(g)+S2(g)Kp=2.4104 at 1073 K A reaction mixture contains 0.112 atm... Problem 49E: Silver sulfate dissolves in water according to the reaction: Ag2SO4(s)2Ag+(aq)+SO42(aq) Kc=1.1105 at... Problem 50E: Nitrogen dioxide reacts with itself according to the reaction: 2NO2(g)N2O4(g)Kp= 6.7 at 298 K A... Problem 51E: Consider the reaction and the associated equilibrium constant: aA(g)bB(g)Kc = 4.0 Find the... Problem 52E: Consider the reaction and the associated equilibrium constant: aA(g)+bB(g)cC(g)Kc= 5.0 Find the... Problem 53E: For the reaction Kc= 0.513 at 500K. N2O4(g)2NO2(g) If a reaction vessel initially contains an N2O4... Problem 54E: For the reaction, Kc= 255 at 1000 K CO(g)+Cl2(g)COCl2(g) . If a reaction mixture initially contains... Problem 55E: Consider the reaction: NiO(s)+CO(g)Ni(s)+CO2(g) Kc=4.4103 at 1500 K If a mixture of solid nickel... Problem 56E: Consider the reaction: CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g)Kc= 102 at 500 K If a reaction mixture initially... Problem 57E: Consider the reaction: HC 2 H 3 O 2 (aq)+ H 2 O(l) H 3 O + (aq)+ C 2 H 3 O 2 (aq) K c =1.8 10 5 at... Problem 58E Problem 59E: Consider the reaction: Br2(g)+Cl2(g)2BrCI(g)Kp=1.11104at150K A reaction mixture initially contains a... Problem 60E: Consider the reaction: CO(g)+H2O(g)CO2(g)+H2(g)Kp=0.0611at2000K A reaction mixture initially... Problem 61E: Consider the reaction: A(g)B(g)+C(g) Find the equilibrium concentrations of (A, B, and C for each... Problem 62E: Consider the reaction: A(g)2B(g) Find the equilibrium partial pressures of A and B for each value of... Problem 63E: Consider this reaction at equilibrium: CO(g)+Cl2(g)COCl2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift... Problem 64E: Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2BrNO(g)2NO(g)+Br2(g) Predict whether the reaction will shift... Problem 65E: Consider this reaction at equilibrium: 2KClO3(s)2KCl(s)+3O2(g) Predict whether the reaction will... Problem 66E Problem 67E: Each reaction is allowed to come to equilibrium, and then the volume is changed as indicated.... Problem 68E Problem 69E: This reaction is endothermic: C(s)+CO2(g)2CO(g) Predict the effect (shift right, shift left. or no... Problem 70E: This reaction is exothermic: C6H12O6(g)+6O2(g)6CO2(g)+6H2O(g) Predict the effect (shift right, shift... Problem 71E: Coal, which is primarily carbon, can be converted to natural gas, primarily CH4, by the exothermic... Problem 72E: Coal can be used to generate hydrogen gas (a potential fuel) by the endothermic reaction:... Problem 73E: Carbon monoxide replaces oxygen in oxygenated hemoglobin according to the reaction:... Problem 74E: Nitrogen monoxide is a pollutant in the lower atmosphere that irritates the eyes and lungs and leads... Problem 75E: The reaction CO2(g)+C(s)2CO(g) has Kp= 5.78 at 1200 K. a. Calculate the total pressure at... Problem 76E: A mixture of water and graphite is heated to 600 K. When the system comes to equilibrium, it... Problem 77E: At 650 K, the reaction MgCO3(s)MgO(s)+CO2(g) has Kp = 0.026. A 10.0-L container at 650 K has 1.0 g... Problem 78E: A system at equilibrium contains I2(g) at a pressure of 0.21 atm and I(g) at a pressure of 0.23 atm.... Problem 79E: Consider the exothermic reaction: C2H4(g)+Cl2(g)C2H4Cl2(g) If you were trying to maximize the amount... Problem 80E: Consider the endothermic reaction: C2H4(g)+I2(g)C2H4I2(g) If you were trying to maximize the amount... Problem 81E: Consider the reaction: H2(g)+I2(g)2HI(g) A reaction mixture at equilibrium at 175 K contains PH2 =... Problem 82E Problem 83E Problem 84E Problem 85E: The system described by the reaction: CO(g)+Cl(g)COCl2(g) is at equilibrium at a given temperature... Problem 86E: A reaction vessel at 27017°C contains a mixture of SO2 (P = 3.00 atm) and O2 (P = 1.00 atm). When a... Problem 87E: At 70 K, CCl4 decomposes to carbon and chlorine. The Kpfor the decomposition is 0.76. Find the... Problem 88E: The equilibrium constant for the reaction SO2(g)+NO2(g)SO3(g)+NO(g) is 30. Find the amount of NO2... Problem 89E: A sample of CaCO3(s) is introduced into a sealed container of volume 0.654 L and heated to 1000 K... Problem 90E: An equilibrium mixture contains N2O4, (P = O.28) and NO2 (P = 1.1 atm) at 350 K. The volume of the... Problem 91E: Carbon monoxide and chlorine gas react to form phosgene: CO(g)+Cl2(g)COCl2(g)Kp= 3.10 at 700 K If a... Problem 92E Problem 93E Problem 94E Problem 95E: Nitrogen monoxide reacts with chlorine gas according to the reaction: 2NO(g)+Cl2(g)2NOCl(g)Kp= 0.27... Problem 96E: At a given temperature, a system containing O2(g) and some oxides of nitrogen are described by these... Problem 97E: A sample of pure NO2 is heated to 337 °C, at which temperature it partially dissociates according to... Problem 98E: When N2O5(g) is heated, it dissociates into N2O3(g) and O2(g) according to the reaction:... Problem 99E: A sample of SO3 is introduced into an evacuated sealed container and heated to 600 K. The following... Problem 100E: A reaction A(g)B(g) has an equilibrium constant of 1.0104 . For which of the initial reaction... Problem 101E: The reaction A(g)2B(g) has an equilibrium constant of Kc= 1.0 at a given temperature. If a reaction... Problem 102E: A particular reaction has an equilibrium constant of Kp= 0.50. A reaction mixture is prepared in... Problem 103E: Consider the reaction: aA(g)bB(g) Each of the entries in the table represents equilibrium partial... Problem 104E: Consider the simple one-step reaction: A(g)B(g) Since the reaction occurs in a single step, the... Problem 105E Problem 106E: Consider the reaction: N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g). a. Write the equilibrium constant expression for this... Problem 107E: For the reaction AB , the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium is always the same number,... Problem 108E: Solve each of the expressions for x using the quadratic formula and the x is small approximation. In... Problem 109E: Have each group member explain to the group what happens if a system at equilibrium is subject to... Problem 110E Problem 1SAQ: What is the correct expression for the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction between carbon and... Problem 2SAQ Problem 3SAQ: Use the data below to find the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction A(g)2B(g)+C(g) :... Problem 4SAQ: The reaction shown here has a Kp = 4.5X102 AT 825 K. Find Kcfor the reaction at this temperature.... Problem 5SAQ: Consider the reaction between NO and Cl2 to form NOCI. 2NO(g)+Cl2(g)2NOCI(g) A reaction mixture at a... Problem 6SAQ Problem 7SAQ: Consider the reaction between iodine gas and chlorine gas to form iodine monochloride.... Problem 8SAQ Problem 9SAQ: The decomposition of NH4HS is endothermic: NH4HS(s)NH3(g)+H2S(g) Which change to an equilibrium... Problem 10SAQ: The solid XY decomposes into gaseous X and Y: XY(s)X(g)+Y(g)Kp=4.1(at0C) If the reaction is carried... Problem 11SAQ: What is the effect of adding helium gas (at constant volume) to an equilibrium mixture of this... Problem 12SAQ format_list_bulleted
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