Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.

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Q8. A researcher wants to study the effectiveness of a pill intended to reduce stomach heartburn in pregnant women. The researcher chooses randomly 400 women to participate in this experiment for 9 months of their pregnancy period. They all need to have the same diet. The researcher designs two groups of 200 participants: One group take the real medication intended to reduce heartburn, while the other group take placebo medication. In this study what are: Independent variable: Dependent variable: Control variable: Experimental group: " Control group: If the participants do not know who is consuming the real pills and who is consuming the sugar pills. This study is It happens that 40% of the participants do not find the treatment helpful and drop out after 6 months. The researcher throws out the data from subjects that drop out. What type of bias is there in this study? If the company who makes the medication funds this research, what type of bias might exist in this research work?

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.

Answer 6

Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.

Answer 7

Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ

Summary Introduction

Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1SQ

Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for the correct answer:

Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.

Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.

Reason for incorrect answer:

Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.

Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.

Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.

Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.

Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.

Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.

Option e. is given as “Histamines”.

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.

Option f. is given as “all of the above”.

Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.

Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.

Answer 12

Conclusion

Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.

Answer 13

Ch. 37 - Prob. 1SQ Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not among the first line...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not considered to be...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not part of an adaptive...Ch. 37 - Activated complement proteins__________. a. form...Ch. 37 - Name a defining characteristic of innate immunity.Ch. 37 - Antibodies are_________. a. antigen receptors b....Ch. 37 - A dendritic cell engulfs a bacterium, then present...Ch. 37 - Antibody-mediated responses are most effective...Ch. 37 - Cell-mediated responses are most effective against...

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Answer to Problem 1SQ

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