Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 37, Problem 1SQ
Summary Introduction
Concept introduction: Antigens are targeted by antibodies. The antigen will interact with the antibody that matches the antigen’s molecular structure. Antigens are peptides, polysaccharides, or lipids. Antigens can be self-antigens that originate within the body or can be non-self-antigens that originate from the external environment.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1SQ
Correct answer: Antigens trigger immune responses. Therefore, option d. is correct.
Explanation of Solution
Reasons for the correct answer:
Antigens are molecule capable of inducing an immune response. The antigens such as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) trigger the innate immunity. Innate immunity is a set of defensive mechanism that prevents the entry of pathogens in to our body. The activation of the innate immunity triggers the adaptive immunity.
Option d. is given as “Antigens”. As the antigens trigger immune responses option d. is correct.
Reason for incorrect answer:
Option a. is given as “Cytokines”.
Cytokines are signaling molecules that coordinate the activities of the white blood cells. Therefore, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as “Lysozyme”.
Lysozome is an antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals as a part of innate immune system. Therefore, option b. is incorrect.
Option c. is given as “Antibodies”.
Antibodies are produced in the body against the antigen. Therefore, option c. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as “Histamines”.
Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound that plays a central role in allergic reactions. Therefore, option e. is incorrect.
Option f. is given as “all of the above”.
Cytokines, lysozyme, antibodies, histamines do not trigger immune responses. Therefore, option f. is incorrect.
Hence, options a., b., c., e., and f. are wrong answers.
Conclusion
Antigens are the molecules that have the capability to induce immune response.
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Students have asked these similar questions
19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 37 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 37 - Prob. 1SQCh. 37 - Which of the following is not among the first line...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not considered to be...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not part of an adaptive...Ch. 37 - Activated complement proteins__________. a. form...Ch. 37 - Name a defining characteristic of innate immunity.Ch. 37 - Antibodies are_________. a. antigen receptors b....Ch. 37 - A dendritic cell engulfs a bacterium, then present...Ch. 37 - Antibody-mediated responses are most effective...Ch. 37 - Cell-mediated responses are most effective against...
Ch. 37 - Allergies occur when the body responds to _______....Ch. 37 - Cervical Cancer Incidence In HPV-Positive Women In...Ch. 37 - Cervical Cancer Incidence In HPV-Positive Women In...Ch. 37 - Cervical Cancer Incidence In HPV-Positive Women In...Ch. 37 - Name a defining characteristic of adaptive...Ch. 37 - Prob. 13SQCh. 37 - Prob. 14SQCh. 37 - Match the immune cell with the function....Ch. 37 - Match the immunity concept with the best...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1CTCh. 37 - Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing a...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CT
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