Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 37, Problem 3DAA
Cervical Cancer Incidence In HPV-Positive Women In 2003, Michelle Khan and her coworkers published their findings on a 10-year study in which they followed cervical cancer incidence and HPV status in 20,514 women. All women who participated in the study were free of cervical cancer when the test began. Pap tests were taken at regular intervals, and the researchers used a DMA probe hybridization test (Section 15.3) to detect specific types of HPV in the women's cervical cells.
The results are shown in FIGURE 37.26 as a graph of the incidence rate of cervical cancer by HPV type. HPV- positive women are often infected by more than one type, so the data were sorted into groups based on the women's HPV status ranked by type: either positive for HPV16; or negative for HPV16 and positive for HPV18; or negative for HPV16 and HPV18 and positive for any other cancer-causing HPV; or negative for all cancer-causing HPV.
Follow-up time (months)
FIGURE 37.26 Cumulative incidence rate of cervical cancer correlated with HPV status in, 20,514 women aged 16 years and cider.
The data were grouped as follows:
● HPV16 positive
○ HFV16 negative and HPV18 positive
▼ All other cancer-causing HPV Types combined
∇ No cancer-causing HPV type was detected.
3. Is it possible to estimate from this graph the overall risk of cervical cancer that is associated with infection of cancer-causing HPV of any type?
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Question #3:
In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would
transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming
there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are
inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if:
a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non-
apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic
and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female
first (left side) in the parental cross.
b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non-
apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic
and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female
first (left side) in the…
Question #5:
Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The
genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative
apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C.
At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype.
A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually
reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic
ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following
temperatures*:
a) 15°C?
b) 25°C?
*for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the
female first (left side) in the cross.
Type your answer here:
Chapter 37 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 37 - Prob. 1SQCh. 37 - Which of the following is not among the first line...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not considered to be...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is not part of an adaptive...Ch. 37 - Activated complement proteins__________. a. form...Ch. 37 - Name a defining characteristic of innate immunity.Ch. 37 - Antibodies are_________. a. antigen receptors b....Ch. 37 - A dendritic cell engulfs a bacterium, then present...Ch. 37 - Antibody-mediated responses are most effective...Ch. 37 - Cell-mediated responses are most effective against...
Ch. 37 - Allergies occur when the body responds to _______....Ch. 37 - Cervical Cancer Incidence In HPV-Positive Women In...Ch. 37 - Cervical Cancer Incidence In HPV-Positive Women In...Ch. 37 - Cervical Cancer Incidence In HPV-Positive Women In...Ch. 37 - Name a defining characteristic of adaptive...Ch. 37 - Prob. 13SQCh. 37 - Prob. 14SQCh. 37 - Match the immune cell with the function....Ch. 37 - Match the immunity concept with the best...Ch. 37 - Prob. 1CTCh. 37 - Monoclonal antibodies are produced by immunizing a...Ch. 37 - Prob. 3CT
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