Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 36.1, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The presence of variation in offsprings if self-fertilization takes place in hermaphrodite.
Introduction:
A hermaphrodite is an animal, or plant or animal having both male and female sex organ and self-fertilization takes place by the fusion of male and female gametes from same individual.
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WHAT IF? Why did the researchers split each female frog’s eggs into twobatches for fertilization by different males? Why didn’t they mate each femalewith a single male frog?
Let's Check
Activity 9. Let us try to check your understanding of the discussion. Read the questions
carefully. Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.
1. Which of the following pairs share 50% of their genes?
Any two siblings
A pair of dyzogotic twins
A pair of monozygotic twins
a and b
2. Regarding types of multiple pregnancy, which of the following are true?
a. Dizygotic twins result from fertilization of different oocytes by the same sperm.
b. Monozygotic twins result from mitotic division of a single zygote into 'identical' twins.
c. Dizygotic twins result from the division of a single fertilized egg.
d. Monozygotic twins result from 2 egg cells merged together, eventually fertilized by a sperm
cell.
3. Fraternal twins make up approximately.
of the twin population.
Explain further each number.
What are the 4 major events comprising the process of fertilization?
What are the strategies employed by animals for success of the egg meeting the sperm?
Chapter 36 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS What examples of plant...Ch. 36.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.2 - Why might using a hot tub frequently make it...Ch. 36.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36.2 - WHAT IF? If each vas deferens in a male was...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.3 - How does an estrous cycle differ from a menstrual...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 3CC
Ch. 36.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 36.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 36 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 36 - The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 36 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 36 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 36 - Which of the following statements is true? A. All...Ch. 36 - For which is the number the same in males and...Ch. 36 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 36 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 36 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 36 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Hermaphroditism is more often...Ch. 36 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 36 - Prob. 13TYU
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- In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ, in that 1.) Cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis whereas it i equal in spermatogenesis 2.) spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born 3.) Oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon 4.) Oogensis ends at menopause. Whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth 5.) Oogensis begins at the onset of sexual maturity whereas spermatogenesis happens in embryonic developmentarrow_forwardThe change of successful fertilization is approximately 18% in every cycle. Why does this statistic seem so low? All of the following statements provide a reason as to why the chance of fertilization is 18% every ovarian cycle EXEPT Select one: A. Some Sperm cells are not very motile, while others are formed without a tail. B. If more than one sperm fertilizes an egg, multiple embryos can result. C. Vagina is very acidic, killing many sperm. D. There two fallopian tubes and two ovaries, but only one of them releases an ovum every cycle.arrow_forwardThe period of female fertility during each Month is short For fextilization to take place intercouce must occur each a) A few hours before ovalation up to 4-5 days after avulation b) Around 24 hours before ovulation up to around. 24 hours after ovulation C) Sometimes between 2-3 days before ovulation upto 2-3 days after ovulation d) Around 4-5 days before ovulation upto a few hours after ovulation E) Around 4-5 days before ovulation upto 4-5. after ovulation.arrow_forward
- N Question How does the progeny formed from asexual reproduction differ from those formed by sexual reproduction?arrow_forward??arrow_forwardIn comparing external and internal fertilization, what evolutionary change can be seen in the coats of ovulated eggs? Why? What about the sperm? Any changes?arrow_forward
- Examine the attached fig, which shows oogenesis in animalcells. Will the genotype of the second polar body (derivedfrom meiosis II) always be identical to that of the ootid?Why or why not?arrow_forwardA: Why do sea urchins have external fertilization? [Discuss the life style of the developing sea urchin embryo in the water column compared to a very different ecological niche of the adults on the ocean floor. Besides, would you want to give live birth to a sea urchin! ouch!] 2: Then why don't the parents take care of the young? [In fact the adults do in a way. After the embryo has grown large enough and metamorphosed into a young urchin they hide in the spines of the adults, living off of the scraps of food produced from the messy eating of the adults] 3: Because the urchin life involves two or more ecological niches, they are more susceptible to predation and exposure to environmental toxins. What environmental conditions, predators and toxins might they be exposed to at each stage?arrow_forwardThere are 6 major events in fertilization. Discuss the process of fertilization or conception, with emphasis on the sperm-egg interaction. Proteins on the sperm plasma membrane bind to ZP3 molecules within the zona pellucida of the egg. Why is this event important? Zona binding triggers the acrosome reaction, in which the sperm plasma membrane fuses with the outer acrosomal membrane, causing exocytosis of acrosomal contents. What is in the "acrosomal content"? Acrosomal enzymes begin to dissolve a hole in the zona pellucida. This enzymatic degradation, accompanied by rapid sperm tail beating, moves the sperm through the zona. Where does the sperm intend to reach?arrow_forward
- How many sperm cells will be produced by 800 spermatids? (number only) • If there are 50 secondary oocytes, how many polar bodies will be produced at the end of oogenesis? (number only) Felis catus has a total of 76 chromatids at Anaphase. How many chromosomes will be observed in each cell at Prophase II?arrow_forwardDo all dioecious species have a homogametic and a heterogametic sex? 1. Yes, because dioecious means that two types of gametes are produced, even in hermaphroditic species. 2. Yes, because all sex-determining systems include heterogametic and homogametic sexes. 3. Yes, because in dioecious organisms, either the XX-XY or the ZZ-ZW system determines sex. XY and ZW individuals are heterogametic. XX and ZZ individuals are homogametic. 4. No, because hermaphrodites and species that reproduce asexually are dioecious. 5. No, because dioecious means that the sexes are separate, regardless of how sex is determined. In some dioecious species, sex is determined by a single gene.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is incorrect? a) Sperm occur as X- or Y-chromosome bearing gametes b) The sex of an individual can not be determined from morphology early in embryonic development c) It is the ovum which determines the sex of the newly developing embryo d) X-chromosome bearing sperm are slightly larger than Y-chromosome bearing spermarrow_forward
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