Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 35, Problem 3DAA
Building Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE 35.22, was born with multiple fractures in her arms and legs. By age six, she had undergone surgery to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her fragile, easily broken bones are symptoms of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in a gene for collagen. As bones develop, collagen forms a scaffold for deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The scaffold forms improperly in children with OI. FIGURE 35.22 also shows the results of a test of a new drug. Treated children, all less than two years old, were compared to similarly affected children of the same age who were not treated with the drug.
| Vertebral | |||
| Treated | area in cm2 | Fractures | |
| child | (Initial) | (Final) | per year |
| 1 | 14.7 | 16.7 | 1 |
| 2 | 15.5 | 16.9 | 1 |
| 3 | 6.7 | 16.5 | 6 |
| 4 | 7.3 | 11.8 | 0 |
| 5 | 13.6 | 14.6 | 6 |
| 6 | 9.3 | 15.6 | 1 |
| 7 | 15.3 | 15.9 | 0 |
| 8 | 9.9 | 13.0 | 4 |
| 9 | 10.5 | 13.4 | 4 |
| Mean | 11.4 | 14.9 | 2.6 |
| Vertebral | |||
| Treated | area in cm2 | Fractures | |
| child | (Initial) | (Final) | per year |
| 1 | 18.2 | 13.7 | 4 |
| 2 | 16.5 | 12.9 | 7 |
| 3 | 16.4 | 11.3 | 8 |
| 4 | 13.5 | 7.7 | 5 |
| 5 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 8 |
| 6 | 18.9 | 17.0 | 6 |
| Mean | 16.6 | 13.1 | 6.3 |
FIGURE 35.22 Results of a clinical trial of a drug treatment for osteogenesis imperfecta (OI), which affects the child shown at right. Nine children with OI received the drug. Six others were untreated controls. Surface area of certain vertebrae was measured before and after treatment. Fractures occurring during the 12 months of the trial were also recorded.
3. How did the rate of fractures in the two groups compare?
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Chapter 35 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 35 - An endoskeleton consists of _________. a. a fluid...Ch. 35 - Bones are __________. a. mineral reservoirs b....Ch. 35 - Bones move when __________ muscles contract. a....Ch. 35 - A ligament connects ________. a. bones at a joint...Ch. 35 - Building Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE...Ch. 35 - Building Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE...Ch. 35 - Building Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE...Ch. 35 - Building Better Bones Tiffany, shown in FIGURE...Ch. 35 - Parathyroid hormone stimulate__________. a. bone...Ch. 35 - The ___ attaches to the pelvic girdle. a. radius...
Ch. 35 - The __________ is the basic unit of contraction....Ch. 35 - In sarcomeres, phosphate-group transfers from ATP...Ch. 35 - A sarcomere shortens when ________. a. thick...Ch. 35 - Muscle fibers produce ATP by__________. a. aerobic...Ch. 35 - Prob. 11SQCh. 35 - A motor unit is _________. a. a muscle and the...Ch. 35 - __________from a motor neuron excites a muscle...Ch. 35 - Prob. 14SQCh. 35 - Match the words with their defining feature....Ch. 35 - Continued strenuous activity can cause lactate to...Ch. 35 - After death, calcium pumps no longer function and...
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