To determine: The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area during the 12-month period.
Introduction: Bones are the specialized connective tissues that surround the living cells. An adult consists of 206 bones in their body. The main functions of bone are storage of minerals, to aid in the movement, to protect the organs, and for producing the blood cells through the red marrow. Osteogenesis imperfecta is also known as brittle bone disease. It is a group of genetic disorders that can adversely affect the bones of our body. The main symptom of this disorder is easy breakage of bones. It is mainly caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes.
Explanation of Solution
Person T had multiple fractures in her legs and arms. At the age of six, she underwent a surgery in order to correct more than 200 bone fractures. Her brittle, easily breakable bones are a symptom of a genetic disorder called Osteogenesis imperfecta. It is caused due to the mutation in the collagen genes. During the development of bones, collagen forms a scaffold for the deposition of mineralized bone tissue. The development of scaffolds is inappropriately formed in children with Osteogenesis imperfecta.
Refer Fig. 35.10, “A clinical trial of a drug treatment for Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)” in the textbook. The researchers had conducted clinical trials by testing a new drug for the treatment of Osteogenesis imperfecta. The clinical trial was carried out for a period of 12 months. They selected children under two years old. A comparison was also done between treated and untreated controls. The treated group contained nine children who were administered with the new drug and untreated group was the control group that contained six children. The vertebral area was also calculated before and afterward the treatment. The fractures that took place during the 12 months of the trial were also noted.
The number of treated children who showed an increase in the vertebral area after the 12-month period was nine. This is because all the treated children had a sudden increase in the vertebral area in cm2. For example, Child 3 initially had a vertebral area of about 6.7 and the final vertebral area was about 16.5. Also, the overall mean calculation was initially 11.4 and was increased to 14.9 after the treatment.
All the nine treated children showed an increase in the vertebral area after 12-month period of the study.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 35 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (Looseleaf)
- Gloeocaspa Genus - diagram a colony and label the sheath, cell wall, and cytoplasm. Oscillatoria Genus - Diagram a trichome, and label the shealth and individual cells Nostoc Genus- diagram a sketch of the colonoy microscopically from low power to the left of the drawing. Draw a filament showing intercalary heterocysts, and vegatative cells to the right of the drawing Merismopedia Genus- diagram a sketch of the colony. draw and label a filament showing the colony, cell wall, and sheath. Gloeotrichia Genus- diagram a habit sketch of the colony. draw a filament showing the heterocyst, akimetes and vegatative cells of the filamentarrow_forwardOf this list shown, which genus does the image belong toarrow_forwardidentify the cell shownarrow_forward
- identify the genusarrow_forwardWhat Genus is this?arrow_forwardAs a medical professional, it is important to be able to discuss how genetic processes such as translation regulation can directly affect patients. Think about some situations that might involve translation regulation. Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words: Why is translation regulation important? What are some examples of translation regulation in humans? Select one of the examples you provided and explain what happens when translation regulation goes wrong.arrow_forward
- The metabolic pathway below is used for the production of the purine nucleotides adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in eukaryotic cells. Assume each arrow represents a reaction catalyzed by a different enzyme. Using the principles of feedback inhibition, propose a regulatory scheme for this pathway that ensures an adequate supply of both AMP and GMP, and prevents the buildup of Intermediates A through G when supplies of both AMP and GMP are adequate.arrow_forwardQUESTION 27 Label the structures marked A, B, C and explain the role of structure A. W plasma membrane For the toolbar, press ALT+F10 (PC) or ALT+FN+F10 (Mac). BIUS ☐ Paragraph Π " ΩΘΗ Β Open Sans, a... 10pt EEarrow_forwardexamples of synamptomorphyarrow_forward
- examples of synamtomorphy.arrow_forwardE. Bar Graph Use the same technique to upload the completed image. We will use a different type of graph to derive additional information from the CO2 data (Fig A1.6.2) 1. Calculate the average rate of increase in COz concentration per year for the time intervals 1959-1969, 1969- 1979, etc. and write the results in the spaces provided. The value for 1959-1969 is provided for you as an example. 2. Plot the results as a bar graph. The 1959-1969 is plotted for you. 3. Choose the graph that looks the most like yours A) E BAR GRAPH We will use a different type of graph to derive additional information from the CU, data (rig. nive). Average Yearly Rate of Observatory, Hawall interval Rate of increase per year 1959-1969 0.9 1969-1979 1979-1989 1989-1999 1999-2009 Figure A1.6.2 1999-2009 *- mrame -11- -n4 P2 جية 1989-1999 1979-1989 1969-1979 1959-1969 This bar drawn for you as an example 1.0 CO, Average Increase/Year (ppmv) B) E BAR GRAPH We will use a different type of graph to derive…arrow_forwardUse the relationships you just described to compute the values needed to fill in the blanks in the table in Fig A1.4.1 depth (a) 1.0 cml 0.7 cml cm| base dimensions (b, c)| 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm| 1.0 cm volume (V) 1.0_cm' cm'| cm'| density (p) 1.0 g/cm'| 1.0 g/cm 1.0 g/cm' mass (m)| 0.3 g Column 1: depth at 1.0 cm volume mass Column 2: depth at 0.7 cm volume mass Column 3: unknown depth depth volumearrow_forward
- Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax CollegeBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxBiology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningHuman Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning