Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34.5, Problem 1CC
Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on land.
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1) Look at the ideal results. Were your predictions accurate, and how did they compare with your results?
2) You used aseptic technique during this lab. Why is it important to work in a sterile manner when working with bacteria in the lab?
3) Why are the cells incubated at 42°C?
Overview of Transformation Protocol
-Prepare competent bacteria for transformation:
Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure.
Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed.
-Transformation procedure:
Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA.
Add CaCl2 to both tubes.
Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube.
Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes.
Add recovery broth to both tubes.
Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes.
Questions:
1) What differences would you expect to see between the…
Overview of Transformation Protocol
-Prepare competent bacteria for transformation:
Treat starter E. coli bacteria with CaCl2and Competent Cell Solution (CCS). Store on ice until transformation procedure.
Competent cells are cells that are likely to take up foreign DNA and be transformed. This step increases the likelihood that the E. coli cells will take up the introduced vector and be transformed.
-Transformation procedure:
Obtain two microcentrifuge tubes containing your competent cells. Label one tube +DNA and one -DNA.
Add CaCl2 to both tubes.
Add the transformation mix containing the plasmid DNA to the tube labeled +DNA. Do not add any plasmid DNA to the -DNA tube.
Incubate both tubes on ice for 10 minutes. Then, place both tubes in a 42\deg C water bath for 45 seconds. Replace the tubes in an ice bucket for 2 minutes.
Add recovery broth to both tubes.
Incubate both tubes in a 37 C water bath for 5 minutes.
Questions:
1)What is the selectable marker in this experiment? How…
Chapter 34 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - Identify four derived characters that all...Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Based on the phylogenetic tree...Ch. 34.2 - How are differences in the anatomy of lampreys and...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? In several different animal lineages,...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? Suggest key roles that mineralized bone...Ch. 34.3 - What derived characters do sharks and tuna share?...Ch. 34.3 - Describe key adaptations of aquatic gnathostomes.Ch. 34.3 - draw it Redraw Figure 34.2 to show four lineages:...Ch. 34.3 - WHAT IF? Imagine that we could replay the history...
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.4 - Some amphibians never leave the water, whereas...Ch. 34.4 - WHAT IF? Scientists think that amphibian...Ch. 34.5 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.5 - Identify four avian adaptations for flight.Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 34.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Develop a hypothesis to explain...Ch. 34.7 - Identify some characters that distinguish hominins...Ch. 34.7 - Provide an example in which different features of...Ch. 34.7 - WHAT IF? Some genetic studies suggest that the...Ch. 34 - Describe likely features of the common ancestor of...Ch. 34 - Identify the shared features of early fossil...Ch. 34 - How would the appearance of organisms with jaws...Ch. 34 - Which features of amphibians restrict most species...Ch. 34 - Explain why birds are considered reptiles.Ch. 34 - Describe the origm and early evolution of mammals.Ch. 34 - Prob. 34.7CRCh. 34 - Vertebrates and tunicates share (A) jaws adapted...Ch. 34 - Living vertebrates can be divided into two major...Ch. 34 - Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials...Ch. 34 - Which clade does not include humans? (A)synapsids...Ch. 34 - As hominins diverged from other primates, which of...Ch. 34 - Which of the following could be considered the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 34 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT As a consequence of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 34 - Prob. 10TYU
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- Based on your results, which suspect's DNA best matches the DNA found at the crime scene?arrow_forwardIn oxidase test with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the cell cultures on the slide turn colorless to be purple after tetra-methyl-p-phenylenediamine dihydrochloride (TMPD) is added. In the reaction, OTMPD is electron acceptor O cytochrome c is the electron source oxygen is terminal electron acceptor OH2 produced is electron donorarrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have shipped your samples off for sequencing and are now waiting for the results. Out of curiosity (and maybe boredom...) you decide to test your culture for the Catalase and Oxidase enzymes. Upon testing your sample for catalase, you don't see any bubbles; however, you do see a color change to purple during the Oxidase test. What results can you conclude from this? O Catalase-/ Oxidase + O Catalase +/ Oxidase + Catalase + / Oxidase- O Catalase / Oxidase - O None of the abovearrow_forward
- Which of the following is not a strength of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? OA. It's cheap OB. It's easy to do C. It can be used to identify all the way down to the strain level OD. Both A & B OE. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhy are molecular approaches important to the field of microbial taxonomy and phylogeny? Phylogenetic inferences based on molecular approaches provide the most robust analysis of microbial evolution currently available. It allows for the collection of a large and accurate dataset from many organisms Almost no fossil record was left by microbes when compared to plants and animals All of the above None of the abovearrow_forwardYou will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. You have already cultured it and gone through the plate isolation procedure. Before you ship your samples off for sequencing, you want to do one final check of the A260 ratios. You get back the following ratios: A260/280 ratio is 1.89; A260/230 is 2.01. These ratios are close enough to the accepted "pure" values so they could be considered "pure" and mostly (if not completely) free of contaminants from the PCR process. True Falsearrow_forward
- You will use the following scenario to answer a group of 5 questions. You have isolated a microbe from an environmental sample. The microbe has the ability to perform a new metabolic reaction at a very low temperature, so you are excited that it could be a new species. After receiving your sequence back from the sequencing lab, you feel that you have, in fact, discovered and isolated a new species. You ask a fellow labmate about how you should proceed, and he tells you the following is the proper way to introduce a new species for recognition: Cultures have to be sent to international culture collections. Then a paper must be published describing the new organism and providing a genus and species name. You recall learning about this in your Microbiology course in college. Is this information from your colleague true or false? True Falsearrow_forwardis often a good indication of phylogenetic relatedness in phenotypes. Life-cycle patterns Cleavage patterns O Gene expression O Morphological similarityarrow_forwardWhich of the following is a weakness of using 16S rRNA for phylogenetic analyses? It can only go down to the family and genus levels It takes months to complete O Both of the above O None of the abovearrow_forward
- An unrooted tree containing ten unrelated species can become rooted by adding a descendant group related to two of the species. an unrelated outgroup. O a distantly related outgroup. O a descendant related to only one of the species.arrow_forwardWhat is the most appropriate purpose of building a phylogenetic tree? They look awesome You can use a tree to compare morphological characteristics of organisms It can be used to establish and analyze evolutionary relationships between species All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following sequencing techniques can identify down to the strain level? O Multilocus sequence typing Genomic fingerprinting Whole genome sequencing OSNP analysis All of the abovearrow_forward
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