Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34.3, Problem 3CC
draw it Ø Redraw Figure 34.2 to show four lineages: cydostomes, lancelets, gnathostomes, and tunicates. Label the vertebrate common ancestor and circle the lineage that includes humans.
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Draw a phylogenetic tree depicting our current understanding of the animal phylogeny. Include the major groups of animals at the tips of your tree: Deuterostomia, Protostomia, Lophotrochozoa, Ecdysozoa, Porifera, and Cnidaria. Additionally, label the common ancestor of all animals, indicate which groups are considered invertebrates, and indicate where the vertebrates fit within the phylogeny. Write on your tree where the following characteristics arose as evolutionary innovations: multicellularity, true tissues, radial and bilateral symmetry, animals with 2 germ layers and animals with 3 germ layers.
Please create a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different Phyla below.
PHYLA: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, Chordata
Create a body plan table (Insert → Add Table) for the following animal phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, Annelida, Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Describe each phylum by identifying the following body plan features.
1) Symmetry: Asymmetrical, Radial, or Bilateral
2) Tissue type: Parazoa, Eumetazoa (diploblastic), or Eumetazoa (triploblastic)
3) Body cavity (if triploblastic): Acoelomate, Psuedocoelomate, or Coelomate
4) Developmental mode (if Coelomate): Protostome or Dueuterostome
Note: Depending on the body plan, features 3 & 4 may not apply to specific phyla.
* Please answer 1) and 2) only. Reposting question for other two to be answered.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 34.1 - Identify four derived characters that all...Ch. 34.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.1 - VISUAL SKILLS Based on the phylogenetic tree...Ch. 34.2 - How are differences in the anatomy of lampreys and...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? In several different animal lineages,...Ch. 34.2 - WHAT IF? Suggest key roles that mineralized bone...Ch. 34.3 - What derived characters do sharks and tuna share?...Ch. 34.3 - Describe key adaptations of aquatic gnathostomes.Ch. 34.3 - draw it Redraw Figure 34.2 to show four lineages:...Ch. 34.3 - WHAT IF? Imagine that we could replay the history...
Ch. 34.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.4 - Some amphibians never leave the water, whereas...Ch. 34.4 - WHAT IF? Scientists think that amphibian...Ch. 34.5 - Describe three key amniote adaptations for life on...Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.5 - Identify four avian adaptations for flight.Ch. 34.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 34.6 - Prob. 1CCCh. 34.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 34.6 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Develop a hypothesis to explain...Ch. 34.7 - Identify some characters that distinguish hominins...Ch. 34.7 - Provide an example in which different features of...Ch. 34.7 - WHAT IF? Some genetic studies suggest that the...Ch. 34 - Describe likely features of the common ancestor of...Ch. 34 - Identify the shared features of early fossil...Ch. 34 - How would the appearance of organisms with jaws...Ch. 34 - Which features of amphibians restrict most species...Ch. 34 - Explain why birds are considered reptiles.Ch. 34 - Describe the origm and early evolution of mammals.Ch. 34 - Prob. 34.7CRCh. 34 - Vertebrates and tunicates share (A) jaws adapted...Ch. 34 - Living vertebrates can be divided into two major...Ch. 34 - Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials...Ch. 34 - Which clade does not include humans? (A)synapsids...Ch. 34 - As hominins diverged from other primates, which of...Ch. 34 - Which of the following could be considered the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 34 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY DRAW IT As a consequence of...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 34 - Prob. 10TYU
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- draw an evolutionarily accurate phylogenetic tree with the 5 lineages of Amniotes shown in the top figure, but with a different arrangement. You can exclude lungfishes and amphibians but include all other lineages. You can do this by swiveling the branches.arrow_forward. In the space below draw a phylogenetic tree showing the inter-relationships among the following clades: Protostomia, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Cnidaria, Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Blastoidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea, and Echinoidea.arrow_forwardThe taxon Teleostomi is defined as the group which includes all the descendants of the common ancestor of ray-finned fishes and birds (Aves). How many branches on this tree would have their organisms included in Teleostomi? Pisces Osteichthyes (bony fishes) Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) Cyclostomata FAgnatha) Tetrapoda Amniota Reptilia 0 6 07 8. 0 9 ochemistr..docx W Electrochemistr....docx DropboxInstalle..dmg Mixini (hagfishes) Petromizontida (lampreys) Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fishes) Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi dungfishes) Amphibia Mammalia Non-avian reptiles Avesarrow_forward
- As we have discussed in class, phylogenies are hypotheses, and can therefore change over time with new evidence. Relatively recent and strong molecular evidence (that we did not discuss in class) suggests that all members of the Subphylum Hexapoda are derived from a common ancestor within the Subphylum Crustacea, as in the cladogram shown below. Given this new information, answer the question below. Note: Don't panic. Some of the names of these groups are new to you (Copepoda, Malacostraca, and Remipedia are all classes or subclasses within the Subphylum Crustacea), but this will not affect your ability to answer this question. Myriapoda Copepoda (Crustacea) Malacostraca (Crustacea) Hexapoda Remipedia (Crustacea) If we insisted that all groups must be categorized and named so that taxonomic ranks/names always include a single common ancestor and all of its descendants, how would this new evidence change our definition of a hexapod? Hexapoda and Melacostraca would have to be classified…arrow_forwardThe phylogenetic tree in Exercise 1 above shows an outdated relationship between Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Mollusca. We now know that: (1) Brachiopoda is more closely related to Mollusca; and (2) Bryozoa forms the sister-group to the clade formed by Brachiopoda+Mollusca. In the space below draw a phylogenetic tree showing the correct interrelationships among the 5 clades listed: Bryozoa: Brachiopoda: Linguliformea: Craniiformea: Rhynchonelliformea: Please include mollusca. Should be 6 classes totalarrow_forwardWhat is some evidence from phylogenetictree of hollowed bones and tufted feathersarrow_forward
- Create a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different phyla. Phyla: Porifera Cnidaria Platyhelminthes Annelida Mollusca Nematoda Arthropoda Echinodermata Chordata Characters: True tissues Blastopore forms the mouth Blastopore forms anus Undergo ecdysis Notochord Mantle and muscular foot Water vascular system Trochophore Segmented jointed appendages Chitinous setae Muscles and nerves Triploblasticarrow_forwardSquirrel Monkey and Human Skeletons Examine the skeletons of both the squirrel monkey and human that are located in the classroom. Humans and squirrel monkeys are closely related as is apparent if we compare the classification of humans to squirrel monkeys. Classification Kingdom Phylum Squirrel Monkey Animalia Human Animalia Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Primates Primates Order Suborder Anthropoidea Hominoidea Anthropoidea Ceboidea Superfamily Family Genus Hominidea Cebidea Ноmо Saimiri Species Sapiens sciureus 1. Are humans and squirrel monkeys both primates? Yes No Genus 2. At what category does the classification between the two first differ?arrow_forwardcreate a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different Phyla. Take note that some characters may be secondarily lost during the evolution of these different. there is a photo of example of cladogram belowarrow_forward
- Please asaparrow_forwardAnimal Kingdom Do not possess a backbone Possess a backbone Asymmetric, Bilateral symmetry, does not Four limbs; possesses true tissues, three germ layer, most have a complete gut possess true possesses a notochord lungs tissues Mouth forms second, Radial symmetry, opposite end from the blastopore possesses true tissues, two germ layers, gastrovascular cavity, cnidocyte stinging cells Terrestrial adaptation to protect embryo possesses a spiny skin or calcareous endoskeleton, water vascular system Mouth forms first from the blastopore Place the letter in the Arthropoda i. j. h. Sheds a cuticle or possesses either a lophophore feeding apparatus or a trochophore larvae appropriate blank tetrapods Porifera exoskeleton via ecdysis a. Echinodermata b. Cnidarians k. Vertebrates Ecdysozoa I. Protostomia с. d. Deuterostomia m. Amniotic egg Bilateria Segmented, possess jointed feet, complex head (cephalization) Lophotrochozoa Chordata е. n. Segmented, bristles, f. Annelida o. g. invertebrates…arrow_forwardIn the phylogeny shown in Figure 17.6, chordates (the phylum that includes humans) are most closely related to which other animal phylum?arrow_forward
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