Explanation 1) Concept: We use the concept of change in intensity of light by polarization. We can consider the number of sheets required to get the required intensity. 2) Formulae: I = I 0 cos 2 ⁡ θ 3) Calculations: a) The rotation cannot be done with a single sheet. If the direction of incident light and the sheet is 90 0 with each other, then there is no transmission of polarized light. It can be done with two sheets. We can use the sheet with angle θ between 0 to 90 0 to the direction of polarization of incident light. We can place the second sheet with 90 0 with the original direction of polarized light. Polarization is rotated again by 90 0 - θ . The intensity will not be zero if the first angle is specified between 0 < θ < 90 0 . We can write the intensity as I = I 0 cos 2 ⁡ θ × cos 2 ⁡ ( 90 0 - θ ) We can write I = I 0 cos 2 ⁡ θ × sin 2 ⁡ θ Therefore, we need two sheets. b) We can find the number of sheets using the angle θ = 90 0 n relative to the direction of polarization of incident light. The polarizing direction of successive sheet is rotated 90 0 n like the previous sheet. The direction of transmitted polarized light is 90 0 with the direction of incident light. We can write the intensity as I = I 0 cos 2 n ⁡ 90 0 n Using the value of n = 1,2 , 3 …

11th Edition

ISBN: 9781119459132

Author: Halliday

Publisher: WILEY

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Question

Chapter 33, Problem 37P

To determine

To find:

a) The minimum number of sheets required to rotate the direction of polarization by 90^o.

b) Minimum number of sheets required if the transmitted intensity is to be more than 60% of the original intensity.

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Chapter 33, Problem 36P

Chapter 33, Problem 38P

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Chapter 33 Solutions

FUNDAMENTALS OF PHYSICS (LLF)+WILEYPLUS

Ch. 33 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 33 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 33 - a Figure 33-27 shows light reaching a polarizing...Ch. 33 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 33 - In the arrangement of Fig. 33-l5a, start with...Ch. 33 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 33 - Figure 33-30 shows fays of monochromatic Light...Ch. 33 - Figure 33-31 shows the multiple reflections of a...Ch. 33 - Figure 33-32 shows four long horizontal layers AD...Ch. 33 - The leftmost block in Fig. 33-33 depicts total...

Ch. 33 - Prob. 11Q Ch. 33 - Prob. 12Q Ch. 33 - Prob. 1P Ch. 33 - Prob. 2P Ch. 33 - Prob. 3P Ch. 33 - About how far apart must you hold your hands for...Ch. 33 - SSM What inductance must be connected to a 17 pF...Ch. 33 - Prob. 6P Ch. 33 - Prob. 7P Ch. 33 - Prob. 8P Ch. 33 - Prob. 9P Ch. 33 - Prob. 10P Ch. 33 - Prob. 11P Ch. 33 - Prob. 12P Ch. 33 - Sunlight just outside Earths atmosphere has an...Ch. 33 - Prob. 14P Ch. 33 - An airplane flying at a distance of 10 km from a...Ch. 33 - Prob. 16P Ch. 33 - Prob. 17P Ch. 33 - Prob. 18P Ch. 33 - Prob. 19P Ch. 33 - Radiation from the Sun reaching Earth just outside...Ch. 33 - ILW What is the radiation pressure 1.5 m away from...Ch. 33 - Prob. 22P Ch. 33 - Someone plans to float a small, totally absorbing...Ch. 33 - Prob. 24P Ch. 33 - Prob. 25P Ch. 33 - Prob. 26P Ch. 33 - Prob. 27P Ch. 33 - The average intensity of the solar radiation that...Ch. 33 - SSM A small spaceship with a mass of only 1.5 103...Ch. 33 - A small laser emits light at power 5.00 mW and...Ch. 33 - Prob. 31P Ch. 33 - Prob. 32P Ch. 33 - Prob. 33P Ch. 33 - Prob. 34P Ch. 33 - Prob. 35P Ch. 33 - At a beach the light is generally partially...Ch. 33 - Prob. 37P Ch. 33 - Prob. 38P Ch. 33 - Prob. 39P Ch. 33 - Prob. 40P Ch. 33 - A beam of polarized light is sent into a system of...Ch. 33 - Prob. 42P Ch. 33 - A beam of partially polarized light can be...Ch. 33 - Prob. 44P Ch. 33 - When the rectangular metal tank in Fig. 33-46 is...Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-47a, a light ray in an underlying...Ch. 33 - Light in vacuum is incident on the surface of a...Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-48a, a light ray in water is incident...Ch. 33 - Figure 33-49 shows light reflecting from two...Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-50a, a beam of light in material 1 is...Ch. 33 - GO In Fig. 33-51, light is incident at angle 1 =...Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-52a, a beam of light in material 1 is...Ch. 33 - SSM WWW ILW in Fig. 33-53, a ray is incident on...Ch. 33 - Prob. 54P Ch. 33 - Prob. 55P Ch. 33 - Rainbows from square drops. Suppose that, on some...Ch. 33 - A point source of light is 80.0 cm below the...Ch. 33 - The index of refraction of benzene is 1.8. What is...Ch. 33 - SSM ILW In Fig. 33-57, a ray of light is...Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-58, light from ray A refracts from...Ch. 33 - GO In Fig. 33-59, light initially in material 1...Ch. 33 - GO A catfish is 2.00 m below the surface of a...Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-60, light enters a 90 triangular prism...Ch. 33 - Suppose the prism of Fig. 33-53 has apex angle =...Ch. 33 - GO Figure 33-61 depicts a simplistic optical...Ch. 33 - Prob. 66P Ch. 33 - GO In the ray diagram of Fig. 33-63, where the...Ch. 33 - a At what angle of incidence will the light...Ch. 33 - Prob. 69P Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-64, a light ray in air is incident on a...Ch. 33 - Prob. 71P Ch. 33 - An electromagnetic wave with frequency 4.00 1014...Ch. 33 - Prob. 73P Ch. 33 - A particle in the solar system is under the...Ch. 33 - SSM In Fig, 33-65, a light ray enters a glass slab...Ch. 33 - Prob. 76P Ch. 33 - Rainbow. Figure 33-67 shows a light ray entering...Ch. 33 - The primary rainbow described in Problem 77 is the...Ch. 33 - SSM emerges from the opposite face parallel to its...Ch. 33 - Prob. 80P Ch. 33 - Prob. 81P Ch. 33 - Prob. 82P Ch. 33 - SSM A ray of white light traveling through fused...Ch. 33 - Three polarizing sheets are stacked. The first and...Ch. 33 - In a region of space where gravirational forces...Ch. 33 - An unpolarized beam of light is sent into a stack...Ch. 33 - SSM During a test, a NATO surveillance radar...Ch. 33 - The magnetic component of an electromagnetic wave...Ch. 33 - Calculate the a upper and b lower limit of the...Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-71, two light rays pass from air...Ch. 33 - Prob. 91P Ch. 33 - In about A D 150, Claudius Ptolemy gave the...Ch. 33 - Prob. 93P Ch. 33 - Prob. 94P Ch. 33 - Prob. 95P Ch. 33 - Prob. 96P Ch. 33 - Two polarizing sheets, one directly above the...Ch. 33 - Prob. 98P Ch. 33 - Prob. 99P Ch. 33 - Prob. 100P Ch. 33 - Prob. 101P Ch. 33 - Prob. 102P Ch. 33 - Prob. 103P Ch. 33 - Prob. 104P Ch. 33 - Prob. 105P Ch. 33 - In Fig. 33-78, where n1 = l.70, n2 = l .50, and n3...Ch. 33 - When red light in vacuum is incident at the...Ch. 33 - Prob. 108P Ch. 33 - SSM a Show that Eqs. 33-1 land 33-2 satisfy the...Ch. 33 - Prob. 110P

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a) The minimum number of sheets required to rotate the direction of polarization by 90 o . b) Minimum number of sheets required if the transmitted intensity is to be more than 60% of the original intensity.

To find: a) The minimum number of sheets required to rotate the direction of polarization by 90o. b) Minimum number of sheets required if the transmitted intensity is to be more than 60% of the original intensity.

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Chapter 33 Solutions

To find:

a) The minimum number of sheets required to rotate the direction of polarization by 90^o.

b) Minimum number of sheets required if the transmitted intensity is to be more than 60% of the original intensity.