In Fig. 33-47a, a light ray in an underlying material is incident at angle θ1 on a boundary with water, and some of the light refracts into the water. There are two choices of underlying material. For each, the angle of refraction θ2 versus the incident angle θ1 is given in Fig. 33-47b.The horizontal axis scale is set by θ1s = 90°. Without calculation, determine whether the index of refraction of (a) material 1 and (b) material 2 is greater or less than the index of water (n = 1.33). What is the index of refraction of (c) material 1 and (d) material 2?
Figure 33-47 Problem 46.
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- 53 SSM www ILW In Fig. 33-53, a ray is incident on one face of a triangular glass prism in air. The angle of incidence e is chosen so that the emerging ray also makes the same angle e with the nor- mal to the other face. Show that the index of refraction n of the glass prism is given by sin ( + 6) sin o where o is the vertex angle of the prism and is the deviation angle, the total angle through which the beam is turned in passing through the prism. (Under these conditions the deviation angle u has the smallest possible value, which is called the angle of mini- mum deviation.) Figure 33-53 Problems 53 and 64.arrow_forward79 SSM (a) Prove that a ray of light incident on the surface of a sheet of plate glass of thickness t emerges from the opposite face parallel to its initial direction but displaced sideways, as in Fig. 33-69. (b) Show that, for small angles of incidence 0, this displacement is given by п - 1 x = te- п where n is the index of refraction of the glass and e is measured in radians. Figure 33-69 Problem 79.arrow_forwardis 90°. 48 In Fig. 33-48a, a light ray in water is incident at angle on a boundary with an underlying material, into which some of the light refracts. There are two choices of underlying material. For each, the angle of refraction 02 versus the incident angle given in Fig. 33-48b. The vertical axis scale is set by 02 Without calculation, determine whether the index of refraction of (a) material 1 and (b) material 2 is greater or less than the index of water (n = 1.33). What is the index of refraction of (c) material 1 and (d) material 2? Water (a) 0₂ 02s 0° 45° (b) Figure 33-48 Problem 48. 2 90° =arrow_forward
- *67 O In the ray diagram of Fig. 33-63, where the angles are not drawn to scale, the ray is incident at the critical angle on the inter- face between materials 2 and 3. Angle o = 60.0°, and two of the in- dexes of refraction are n = 1.70 and n2 = 1.60. Find (a) index of refraction n3 and (b) angle 0. (c) If øi decreased, does light refract into material 3? Figure 33-63 Problem 67.arrow_forward106 In Fig. 33-78, where n, = 1.70, n2 = 1.50, and nz = 1.30, light re- %3D fracts from material 1 into material 2. If it is incident at point A at the critical angle for the interface be- tween materials 2 and 3, what are (a) the angle of refraction at point B and (b) the initial angle 0? If, in- stead, light is incident at B at the critical angle for the interface between materials 2 and 3, what are (c) the angle of refraction at point A and (d) the initial angle e? If, instead of all that, light is incident at point A at Brewster's angle for the interface between materials 2 and 3, what are (e) the angle of refraction at point B and (f) the initial angle 6? Figure 33-78 Problem 106.arrow_forward75 SSM In Fig. 33-65, a light ray en- ters a glass slab at point A at incident angle e = 45.0° and then undergoes total internal reflection at point B. Air (The reflection at A is not shown.) What minimum value for the index of refraction of the glass can be in- ferred from this information? Incident ray Glassarrow_forward
- The angle of incidence of a light beam in air onto a reflecting surface is continuously variable. The reflected ray is found to be completely polarized when the angle of incidence is 63.0°. (a) What is the index of refraction of the reflecting material? (b) If some of the incident light (at an angle of 63.0°) passes into the material below the surface, what is the angle of refraction? answer in degrees °arrow_forward*66 o In Fig. 33-62, a light ray in air is incident at angle 6, on a block of transparent plastic with an index of refraction of 1.56. The dimen- sions indicated are H= 2.00 cm and W = 3.00 cm. The light passes through the block to one of its sides and there undergoes reflection (in- side the block) and possibly refraction (out into the air). This is the point of first reflection. The re- flected light then passes through the block to another of its sides-a point of second reflection. If 6 = 40°, on which side is the point of (a) first reflection and (b) second reflection? If there is refraction at the point of (c) first reflection and (d) second reflection, give the angle of refraction; if not, answer "none." If 61 = 70°, on which side is the point of (e) first reflection and (f) second reflection? If there is refrac- tion at the point of (g) first reflection and (h) second reflection, give the angle of refraction; if not, answer “none." н Figure 33-62 Problem 66.arrow_forwardFor problem 50(c), find the refracted angle in degrees if the index of refraction of material 3 is 2.00 and the angle of incidence is changed to 53.7 degrees!! (5 sig figs)arrow_forward
- 6 In Fig. 33-29, unpolarized light is sent into a system of five polarizing sheets. Their polarizing directions, -x measured counterclockwise from the positive direction of the y axis, are the following: sheet 1, 35°; sheet 2, 0°; sheet 3, 0°; sheet 4, 110°; sheet 5, 45°. Sheet 3 is then rotated 180° counter- clockwise about the light ray. During that rotation, at what angles (mea- sured counterclockwise from the y axis) is the transmission of light through the system eliminated? Figure 33-29 Question 6.arrow_forwardA light ray hits an equilateral triangular prism (surrounded by air) with an angle of incidence e1. The light leaves the prism from the opposite facet in a direction 04 = 50.9° with respect to the normal. If the angle of refraction at surface 1is 02 = 29.3", then the angle of incidence 1 is: surface 1 60° 04 01 = ? 29.3 n = ? 01 = 39.49 01 = 40.51 O 01 = 48.06° 01 = 43.25° 01 = 50.85arrow_forward(a) In the figure, light from ray A refracts from material 1 into a thin layer of material 2, crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. (i) What is the value of incident angle θA? Draw a sketch of the situation. (ii) If θA is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? (b) Light from ray B refracts from material 1 into the thin layer, crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. (iii) What is the value of incident angle θB? Draw a sketch of the situation. (iv) If θB is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? Answer: 54.3°, yes, 51.1°, noarrow_forward
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