Show that the net result of proton-proton fusion chain inside sun can be summarised as 6 p + → H 2 4 e + 2 p + + 2 β + + 2 γ + 2 v e .

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Chapter 30, Problem 40P

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Show that the net result of proton-proton fusion chain inside sun can be summarised as 6p+→H24e+2p++2β++2γ+2ve.

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Part A The proton-proton chain described in Section 43.8, known as the p-p I chain, accounts for 83,3% of the helium synthesis in the sun. This process uses six protons to produce one alpha particle, two protons, two neutrinos, and a least six gamma-ray photons. We can determine the energies of each of the products as follows. The first reaction, 2H →? H+ B+ +ve, is followed immediately by the annihilation of the positron by an electron into two photons, each with energy equal to the rest energy of an electron. What is the remaining energy Ej carried by the deuteron and the neutrino? Express your answer in megaelectron volts. V ΑΣφ E1 = MeV Figure 43.16 1 Two protons combine to form a deuteron (H) ... 3 A third proton combines with the deuteron, forming a helium nucleus (He) and emitting a gamma-ray photon. 4 Two He nuclei fusc, forming a 4He nucleus and releasing two protons. "He 3He ... as well as a positron (B*) and an electron neutrino (v). The proton-proton chain. The net effect…

The uranium isotope 235U can fission—break into two smaller-masscomponents and free neutrons—if it is struck by a free neutron. A typical reaction is 1/0n + 235/92U → 141/56Ba + 92/36Kr + 3/1/0nAs you can see, the subscripts (the number of protons) and the superscripts (the number of nucleons) “balance” before and after the fission event; there is no change in the number of protons or neutrons. Significant energy is released in this reaction. If a fission event happens in a large chunk of 235U, the neutrons released may induce the fission of other 235U atoms, resulting in a chain reaction. This is how a nuclear reactor works. The number of neutrons required to create a stable nucleus increases with atomic number. When the heavy 235U nucleus fissions, the lighter reaction products are thus neutron rich and are likely unstable. Many of the short-lived radioactive nuclei used in medicine are produced in fission reactions in nuclear reactors. 235U is radioactive,…

The uranium isotope 235U can fission—break into two smaller-masscomponents and free neutrons—if it is struck by a free neutron. A typical reaction is 1/0n + 235/92U → 141/56Ba + 92/36Kr + 3/1/0nAs you can see, the subscripts (the number of protons) and the superscripts (the number of nucleons) “balance” before and after the fission event; there is no change in the number of protons or neutrons. Significant energy is released in this reaction. If a fission event happens in a large chunk of 235U, the neutrons released may induce the fission of other 235U atoms, resulting in a chain reaction. This is how a nuclear reactor works. The number of neutrons required to create a stable nucleus increases with atomic number. When the heavy 235U nucleus fissions, the lighter reaction products are thus neutron rich and are likely unstable. Many of the short-lived radioactive nuclei used in medicine are produced in fission reactions in nuclear reactors. If a 238/92U nucleus…