Concept explainers
a.
To determine: The conclusion for such a research results would lead to.
Introduction: Cytoplasmic male sterility is total or partial male sterility in plants as the result of specific nuclear and mitochondrial interactions.
b.
To determine: The genotype and the
Introduction: Male sterility is the failure of plants to produce functional anthers, pollen, or male gametes.
c.
To determine: The results of the testcross and genotypes and phenotypes.
Introduction: In corn breeding, the cytoplasm that was used initially to provide the male sterility was the Texas or T cytoplasm.
d.
To determine: The result of a cross in which the male parent is
- (i) heterozygous at both restorer loci.
- (ii) homozygous dominant at one restorer locus and homozygous recessive at the other.
- (iii) heterozygous at one restorer locus and homozygous recessive at the other.
- (iv) heterozygous at one restorer locus and homozygous dominant at the other.
Introduction: Hybrid production requires a plant from which no viable male gametes are introduced, and this selective exclusion of viable male gametes can be accomplished via different paths.
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Introduction To Genetic Analysis
- In Corn, Male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of corn plants(i.e. the tassol) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts. However, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants, however the presence of a nuclear fertility restore gene F restores fertility to make sterile lines. b. Explain the phenotype of the offspring.arrow_forwardn corn, male sterility is controlled by maternal cytoplasmic elements. This phenotype renders the male part of the corn plants (i.e the tassel) unable to produce fertile pollen; the female parts, however, remain receptive to pollination by pollen from male fertile corn plants. However, the presence of a nuclear fertility restorer gene F restores fertility to male sterile lines sing the cardboard chips, simulate the crosses indicated below. Give the genotypes and phenotypes of the offsprings in each cross, and properly label the nucleus and the cytoplasm of each individual in the cross Legend male sterile cytoplasm Male fertile cytoplasm FF nucleus Ff nucleus ff nucleus A. Male sterile female x FF male Explain the phenotype of the offspring B. Male sterile female x Ff male Explain the phenotype of the offspringarrow_forwardConsider a maize plant: Genotype C/cm ; Ac/Ac+ where cm is an unstable colorless allele caused by Ds insertion. What phenotypic ratios would be produced and in what proportions when this plant is crossed with a mutant c/c Ac+/Ac+? Assume that the Ac and c loci are unlinked, that the chromosome-breakage frequency is negligible, and the C allele encodes pigment production.arrow_forward
- Chlamydomonas, a eukaryotic green alga, may be sensitive to the antibiotic erythromycin, which inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. There are two mating types in this alga, mt+ and mt-. If an mt+ cell sensitive to the antibiotic is crossed with an mt- cell that is resistant, all progeny cells are sensitive. The reciprocal cross (mt+ resistant and mt- sensitive) yields all resistant progeny cells. Assuming that the mutation for resistance is in the chloroplast DNA, what can you conclude from the results of these crosses?arrow_forwardIn a wild-type fungus, protein E (encoded by the haplosufficient gene E) normally dimerizes to catalyzes a biochemical reaction necessary for the production of a dark pigment. Ed represents a mutant, dominant negative allele of gene E. What is the predicted phenotype of a fungus cell of genotype E*/Ed, and why? O wild type (normal production of the dark pigment), as E is haplosufficient mutant (no pigment production), as no dimers will form in the heterozygous mutant (no pigment production), as the mutant allele Eg is dominant O wild type (normal production of the dark pigment), as dimers of wild-type and mutant protein E will be formed in the heterozygousarrow_forwardMultiple crosses were made between true-breeding lines of black and yellow Labrador retrievers. All the F1 progeny were yellow. When these progeny were intercrossed, they produced an F2 consisting of 121 yellow, 9 black and 30 chocolate. What epistatic ratio and what kind of epistasis is approximated in the F2? Propose a biochemical pathway for coat color in Labrador retrievers based on the type of epistasis. Correlate each genotype with the phenotype that would occur in your pathway. Also show the frequency of each genotype. A-B- A-bb aaB- aabbarrow_forward
- In humans, dosage compensation is accomplished by: inactivating one X chromosome in female somatic cells inactivating one homolog from each homologous pair of chromosomes in female somatic cells inactivating the Y chromosome in male somatic cells increasing gene expression from the X chromosome in male somatic cellarrow_forwardCould you please answer this with details so, I can understand itarrow_forwardSome sweet-pea plants have purple flowers and others have white flowers. A homozygous variety of sweet pea that has purple flowers is crossed with a homozygous variety that has white flowers. All the F1have purple flowers. When these F1 self-fertilize, the F2 appear in a ratio of 916 purple to 716 white. a.Draw a hypothetical biochemical pathway to explain the production of purple and white flowers in sweet peas.arrow_forward
- When two plants belonging to the same genus but different species are crossed, the F1 hybrid is more viable and has more ornate flowers. Unfortunately, this hybrid is sterile and can only be propagated by vegetative cuttings. Explain the sterility of the hybrid and what would have to occur for the sterility of this hybrid to be reversed.arrow_forwardIn autotetraploid Chinese primrose (Primula sinensis L.), the gene controlling stigma color is very near the centromere of the chromosome carrying it. The allele G for green stigma is dominant to g for red stigmas. A homozygous green autotetraploid strain is crossed with a homozygous red autotetraploid strain. Each of the F1 GGgg plants would obtain 12 gametes which are 2GG, 8Gg, and 2g. How were these obtained?arrow_forwardA single yeast cell placed on a solid agar will dividemitotically to produce a colony of about 107cells. Ahaploid yeast cell that has a mutation in the ade2 genewill produce a red colony; an ade2+ colony will bewhite. Some of the colonies formed from diploidyeast cells with a genotype of ade2+/ ade2− willcontain sectors of red within a white colony.a. How would you explain these sectors?b. Although the white colonies are roughly the samesize, the red sectors within some of the whitecolonies vary markedly in size. Why? Do youexpect the majority of the red sectors to be relativelylarge or relatively small?arrow_forward
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