Concept explainers
To explain: The
Introduction: In the year 1952, Mary Mitchell isolated a mutant strain of Neurospora exhibiting an erratic stop-and-start growth pattern. She termed this strain as a poky strain possessing altered mtDNA cytochrome, which leads to erratic stop-and-start growth. This phenotype is inherited from the cytoplasmic contributing female parent.
To explain: The phenotypes of progeny associated with the reciprocal cross between stp strain of Neurospora (male) and the wild-type strain (female).
Introduction: In the reciprocal cross, the phenotype of mother and father is exchanged to determine whether sex influences the inheritance pattern.
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Introduction To Genetic Analysis
- Neurospora of genotype a + c are crossed withNeurospora of genotype + b +. (Here, + is shorthandfor the wild-type allele.) The following tetrads areobtained (note that the genotype of the four sporepairs in an ascus are listed, rather than listing alleight spores):a + c a b c + + c + b c a b + a + ca + c a b c a + c a b c a b + a b c+ b + + + + + b + + + + + + c + + ++ b + + + + a b + a + + + + c + b +137 141 26 25 2 3a. In how many cells has meiosis occurred to yieldthese data?b. Give the best genetic map to explain these results.Indicate all relevant genetic distances, both betweengenes and between each gene and the centromere.c. Diagram a meiosis that could give rise to oneof the three tetrads in the class at the far right inthe listarrow_forwardConsider a maize plant: Genotype C/cm ; Ac/Ac+ where cm is an unstable colorless allele caused by Ds insertion. What phenotypic ratios would be produced and in what proportions when this plant is crossed with a mutant c/c Ac+/Ac+? Assume that the Ac and c loci are unlinked, that the chromosome-breakage frequency is negligible, and the C allele encodes pigment production.arrow_forwardIn the fungus Neurospora, a strain that is auxotrophic for thiamine (mutant allele t) was crossed with a strain that isauxotrophic for methionine (mutant allele m). Linear asci were isolated and classified into the following groups: a. Determine the linkage relations of these two genes to their centromere(s) and to each other. Specify distances in map units. b. Draw a diagram to show the origin of the ascus type with only one single representative (second from right).arrow_forward
- An individual is heterozygous for a reciprocal translocation, with the following chromosomes: A • B C D E F A • B C V W X R ST • U D E F R ST • U V W X Q. Explain why the fertility of this individual is likely to be less than the fertility of an individual without a translocation.arrow_forwardYou perform a cross between a parent with the genotype WWiiNNttEErr and another parent that is wwllnnTTeerr. All genes are unlinked except for W and I which are 22 mu apart. You take an F1 from this cross and cross it with an individual that is wwiiNntteerr. a) What is the probability that this final cross yields an offspring that is wwiinntteerr? b) What is the probability that this final cross yields an offspring that is NNTT or Nntt. (You can ignore all of the other genes for this question.)arrow_forwardThe expected ratio of phenotypes among the progeny of a test cross is 1:1:1:1. Out of 200 total resulting progeny, 48 occur in one of the four phenotypic classes. Given this information, which of the following must also be true? a)At least one additional cell must also contain a count of 48. b)The progeny of this cross do not conform to a 1:1:1:1ratio. c)The value of observed - expected for this cell = -2. d)Since 48 is so close to the expected value, there is no need to calculate chi square before drawing a conclusion about the ratio.arrow_forward
- Females of wild-type Strain A and males of mutant Strain B, as well as females of mutant Strain B and males of wild-type Strain A, make reciprocal crosses. Explain why reciprocal crosses are needed in genetics experiments involving Drosophila fruit flies.arrow_forwardIn a cross between a white-eyed female (ww) and a red-eyed male (w+Y), nearly all the progeny were either red-eyed females (w+w) or white-eyed males (wY). However, about 1 in every 2000 F1 flies had an "exceptional phenotype" and was either a white-eyed female or red-eyed male. How did Bridges explain this unexpected result? A) Crossing over B) Incomplete cytokinesis C) Incorrect synapsis D) Nondisjunction E) Pseudoautosomal regionarrow_forwardThe following results are derived from crosses between Neurospora strain xy and strain ++: Tetrad Class 3 4 ху x+ x+ xy ++ ++ ++ +y +y ху +y 25 ++ 3 124 4 (i) Name the ascus type of each class from 1 to 4 as P, NP or T. (ii) Are genes x and y linked? Explain your answer. (iii) If they are linked, determine the map distance between the two genes. If they are unlinked, provide all the information you can about why you draw this conclusion.arrow_forward
- Chlamydomonas, a eukaryotic green alga, may be sensitive to the antibiotic erythromycin, which inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. There are two mating types in this alga, mt+ and mt-. If an mt+ cell sensitive to the antibiotic is crossed with an mt- cell that is resistant, all progeny cells are sensitive. The reciprocal cross (mt+ resistant and mt- sensitive) yields all resistant progeny cells. Assuming that the mutation for resistance is in the chloroplast DNA, what can you conclude from the results of these crosses?arrow_forwardPlease label the tetrad type in the table as PD (parental ditype), NPD (non parental ditype) or T (tetratype) and answer the following questions a) Are the genes linked? Please explain SPECIFICALLY how you can distinguish between linked and unlinked genes in this instance. b) If the two genes are linked, calculate the % recombination between ser and thr. Show the formula used, as well as all of your calculations. c) Draw a single map illustrating the arrangement of the two genes on the chromosome with respect to each other and to the centromere of the chromosome. Make sure to map ALL three distancesarrow_forwardIn Neurospora, a mutant strain called stopper (stp) arose spontaneously. Stopper showed erratic “stop and start” growth, compared with the uninterrupted growth of wild-type strains. In crosses, the following results were found:/ stopper × wild type → progeny all stopper/ wild type × stopper → progeny all wild typea. What do these results suggest regarding the location of the stopper mutation in the genome? b. According to your model for part a, what progeny and proportions are predicted in octads from thearrow_forward
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