Chapter 3, Problem 6RQ

Summary Introduction

To review:

The integration of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) transcription to RNA (Ribonucleic acid) with translation, protein processing, and secretion.

Introduction:

DNA and RNA are the genetic materials that are present in all of living organisms especially DNA in higher organisms and RNA in lower organisms (virus). Both of these contain three similar nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, and Cytosine) except one that differs (DNA consists of Thymine while RNA consists of Uracil). Phosphate backbone is possessed by both DNA and RNA.

The encoded information present in the DNA is associated with the formation of RNA from its coding strand by the means of transcription. The first initial gene product RNA is obtained when RNA polymerase transcribes RNA from the DNA. The newly formed messenger RNA synthesizes the protein with the help of ribosomes by the process of translation. All the proteins after translation are processed within the Golgi body/Endoplasmic reticulum or cytosol.

The prokaryotic cell does not possess any membrane-bound nucleus that keeps the genetic material separate from the cellular environment. Thus, as soon as transcription terminates, translation begins from the newly formed RNA. The formed proteins possess a signal recognition sequence which ensures their appropriate secretion and processing within the same cellular cytoplasm.