BIOCHEMISTRY (LL)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781337805100
Author: Campbell
Publisher: CENGAGE L
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Chapter 3, Problem 54RE
THOUGHT QUESTION Imagine we identify a gene that is directly responsible for the effects of vasopressin on male mammals, including humans-we will call it trust1-that leads to the production of a vasopressin receptor in the brain, which we will call TRUST1. There are different versions of trust1, all of which lead to different levels of the behavior associated with this neuropeptide on male behavior. Give some examples where it would be a good idea to know a particular male’s genotype-that is, which of the trust1 genes he has. Give an example of when you think science has gone too far and this information should not be known.
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Extracts from the bacterium Bacillus brevis contain a peptide with antibiotic properties. This peptide forms complexes with
metal ions and seems to disrupt ion transport across the cell membranes of other bacterial species, leading to bacterial death.
The structure of the peptide has been determined from a series of observations.
(a) Complete acid hydrolysis of the peptide, followed by amino acid analysis, yielded equimolar amounts of Leu, Orn, Phe, Pro,
and Val. Orn is ornithine, an amino acid not present in proteins but present in some peptides. Orn has the structure
H
'H,N-CH,
-
CH2 CH2 CH2 -
C - COO-
NH,
(b) The molecular weight of the peptide is approximately 1,200 Da.
(c) The peptide failed to undergo hydrolysis when treated with the enzyme carboxypeptidase. This enzyme catalyzes the
hydrolysis of the carboxyl-terminal residue of a polypeptide unless the residue is Pro or the peptide does not contain a free
carboxyl group.
(d) Treatment of the intact peptide with…
At a pH equal to the isoelectric point (pl) of alanine, the net charge of alanine is zero. Two structures can be drawn that have a
net charge of zero, but the predominant form of alanine at its pl is zwitterionic.
CH3
H,N
CH3
**
H¸N-C
H
Zwitterionic
H
Uncharged
OH
Select statements that explain why alanine is predominantly zwitterionic at its pl.
pk of alanine's amino group is more than its pl.
pk of alanine's carboxyl group is more than its pl.
PK of alanine's carboxyl group is less than its pl.
pk of alanine's amino group is less than its pl.
Correct Answer
What fraction of alanine is in the completely uncharged form at its pl?
1 in 2.2 × 107
1 in 1.6 × 10²
1 in 4680
1 in 9460
How does a voltage-gated sodium channel work? Specifically, how and why does a change in voltage trigger their opening? Please be detailed
Chapter 3 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY (LL)
Ch. 3 - RECALL How do D-amino acids differ from L-amino...Ch. 3 - RECALL Which amino acid is technically not an...Ch. 3 - RECALL For each of the following, name an amino...Ch. 3 - RECALL Identify the polar amino acids, the...Ch. 3 - RECALL Identify the nonpolar amino acids and the...Ch. 3 - RECALL Are amino acids other than the usual 20...Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL Predict the predominant ionized forms...Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL Draw structures of the following...Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL Predict the predominant forms of the...Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL Calculate the isoelectric point of...
Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL Sketch a titration curve for the...Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL Sketch a titration curve for the...Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL An organic chemist is generally happy...Ch. 3 - MATHEMATICAL Sketch a titration curve for aspartic...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why amino acids...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Write equations to show the ionic...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Based on the information in Table...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY If you were to have a mythical...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY What would be the pI for the...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Identify the charged groups in...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Consider the following peptides:...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY In each of the following two...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Could the amino acid glycine...Ch. 3 - RECALL Sketch resonance structures for the peptide...Ch. 3 - RECALL How do the resonance structures of the...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Would the peptide group be planar...Ch. 3 - Prob. 27RECh. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Consider the peptides...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Would you expect the titration...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY What are the sequences of all the...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Answer Question 30 using...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Most proteins contain more than...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY If the amino acids alanine and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 34RECh. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Would the presence of a chiral...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY What might you infer (or know)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 37RECh. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason why the amino...Ch. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Consider the peptides...Ch. 3 - Prob. 40RECh. 3 - Prob. 41RECh. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY You are studying with a friend...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43RECh. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Suggest a reason (or reasons) why...Ch. 3 - Prob. 45RECh. 3 - REFECT AND APPLY Speculate on the properties of...Ch. 3 - RECALL What are the structural differences between...Ch. 3 - RECALL How do the peptide hormones oxytocin and...Ch. 3 - RECALL What is the role of the disulfide bond in...Ch. 3 - RECALL Is it possible to form cyclic peptides...Ch. 3 - Prob. 51RECh. 3 - RECALL What types of experiments led to evidence...Ch. 3 - Prob. 53RECh. 3 - THOUGHT QUESTION Imagine we identify a gene that...
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- When sodium ions enter a neuron during depolarization, they trigger the opening of additional voltage-gated sodium channels nearby, creating a positive feedback loop where the influx of sodium ions further depolarizes the membrane, causing even more sodium channels to open and allowing more sodium ions to enter the cell, thus sustaining the depolarization process until the action potential peaks. But how and why exactly does the influx of sodium ions trigger more sodium channels to let in more sodium? Please explainarrow_forwardDraw the chemical structure of the tripeptide, HEL (L - amino acids), at pH = 7.0. Calculate isoelectric pointarrow_forwardCan someone draw what this would look like?arrow_forward
- Calculate the standard change in Gibbs free energy, AGrxn, for the given reaction at 25.0 °C. Consult the table of thermodynamic properties for standard Gibbs free energy of formation values. NH,Cl(s) →NH; (aq) + C1 (aq) AGrxn -7.67 Correct Answer Determine the concentration of NH+ (aq) if the change in Gibbs free energy, AGrxn, for the reaction is -9.27 kJ/mol. 6.49 [NH+] Incorrect Answer kJ/mol Marrow_forwardWhat are some topics of interest that neurotoxicologists study? For example, toxin-induced seizures, brain death, and such along those lines?arrow_forwardCould you help me with the explanation of the answer to exercise 15, chapter 1 of Lehinger Question Nombramiento de estereoisómeros con dos carbonos quirales utilizando el sistema RS(R,R)El isómero del metilfenidato (Ritalin) se utiliza para tratar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH).(S,S)El isómero es un antidepresivo. Identifique los dos carbonos quirales en la siguiente estructura. ¿Es este el(R,R)o el(S,S)¿isómero? Dibuja el otro isómero. Nombramiento de estereoisómeros con dos carbonos quirales utilizando el sistema RS(R,R)El isómero del metilfenidato (Ritalin) se utiliza para tratar el trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH).(S,S)El isómero es un antidepresivo.arrow_forward
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