Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 3, Problem 42P
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5 ml of a 0.2 M NH3 solution are added to 5 ml of a 0.1 M NH4Cl solution (Kb for NH3 is = 1.8 × 10-5). Calculate:
a) the pH of the resulting solution;
b) the ΔpH due to the addition of 5 ml of a 0.01 M HNO3 solution to the solution resulting from part a);
c) the ΔpH due to the addition of 10 ml of water to the solution resulting from part a)
Consider the following equilibrium reaction: 2 CH3OH + CH2O ⇌CH2(OCH3)2+ H2O ΔH = + 46 cal
Indicate the direction that the equilibrium will shift when the following changes are made.(No states are provided because the solvent for the reaction is not water, so aq for aqueous would not be appropriate.)
(d)How does the equilibrium constant (Keq) change when temperature is decreased?
A reaction has a standard free-energy change of -13.10 kJ mol-¹(-3.131 kcal mol-¹). Calculate the equilibrium constant for the
reaction at 25 °C.
Keq =
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.2
Write equations showing the...Ch. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.3 Which of the following are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.5 Formic acid (HCO2H) has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6PPCh. 3 - Prob. 7PPCh. 3 - Prob. 8PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.9 Predict the outcome of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11PPCh. 3 - Prob. 12PPCh. 3 - Prob. 13PPCh. 3 - Prob. 14PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.15 Nitro groups have a large...Ch. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.16
Your laboratory instructor...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17PPCh. 3 - Prob. 18PPCh. 3 - Prob. 19PPCh. 3 - What is the conjugate base of each of the...Ch. 3 - List the bases you gave as answers to Problem 3.20...Ch. 3 - 3.22 What is the conjugate acid of each of the...Ch. 3 - List the acids you gave as answers to Problem 3.22...Ch. 3 - Rank the following in order of increasing acidity.Ch. 3 - Without consulting tables, select the stronger...Ch. 3 - Designate the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 27PCh. 3 - Prob. 28PCh. 3 - Write an equation, using the curved-arrow...Ch. 3 - 3.30 What reaction will take place if ethyl...Ch. 3 - 3.31 (a) The of formic acid. What is the? (b)...Ch. 3 - Acid HA has pKa=20; acid HB has pKa=10. (a) Which...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33PCh. 3 - 3.34 (a) Arrange the following compounds in order...Ch. 3 - 3.35 Arrange the following compounds in order of...Ch. 3 - 3.36 Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 37PCh. 3 - 3.38 Supply the curved arrows necessary for the...Ch. 3 - Glycine is an amino acid that can be obtained from...Ch. 3 - 3.40 Malonic acid, , is a diprotic acid. The for...Ch. 3 - 3.41 The free-energy change, , for the ionization...Ch. 3 - 3.42 At the enthalpy change, , for the ionization...Ch. 3 - The compound at right has (for obvious reasons)...Ch. 3 - 3.44.
(a) Given the above sequence of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 45PCh. 3 - Prob. 46PCh. 3 - 3.47 As noted in Table 3.1, the of acetone, , is...Ch. 3 - Formamide (HCONH2) has a pKa of approximately 25....Ch. 3 - List all the chemical species likely to be present...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2LGPCh. 3 - Prob. 3LGPCh. 3 - Prob. 4LGP
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- The acid dissociation constant for a weak acid HX at 25°C is 1.9 x10-6. Calculate the free energy of formation for X–(aq) at 25°C. The standard free energies of HX(aq) and H+(aq) at 25°C are –245.4 kJ/mol and 0, respectively.arrow_forwardSome H2PO4- and HPO42- are added to water such that the concentration of each is the same value, 5.25 mmol L-1 (pKa = 2.1, 6.8, 12.4). The water was initially at pH 6.55 and 25.0 °C. Calculate ΔGrxn in kJ mol-1. (R = 8.3145 J mol-1 K-1)arrow_forward5. One of the key steps in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the hydration of fumarate to malate: Fumarate-² + H₂O = Malate-2 The standard reaction Gibbs free energy and enthalpy for this reactions are -880 cal/mol and 3560 cal/mol, respectively. (a) What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction (25 °C)? (b) Is the reaction favorable (spontaneous) at 25 °C? (c) What is the equilibrium constant of this reaction under physiological conditions (37 °C)? (d) Is this reaction favorable at 37 °C?arrow_forward
- Ka = 4.5 × 10-4 at 25°C of nitrous acid (HNO2). What is the ΔG value at equilibrium?arrow_forwardGiven the following data: 2C6H6 (l) + 15O2 (g) → 12CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔG° = –6399 kJ C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ΔG° = –394 kJ H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g) → H2O(l) ΔG° = –273 kJ Calculate ΔG° for the reaction 6 C(s) + 3 H2(g) ----> C6H6(l) ΔG° = ???arrow_forwardWhy is ΔTmetal < 0? Why is ΔTwaterarrow_forward
- The pKb of the organic base nicotine (denoted Nic) is 5.98. Write the corresponding protonation reaction, the deprotonation reaction of the conjugate acid, and the value of pKa for nicotine.arrow_forwardA student determines the value of the equilibrium constant to be 8.18x10-37 for the following reaction. H₂S(g) + 2H₂O(l)—3H₂(g) + SO₂(g) Based on this value of Keq: AG° for this reaction is expected to be (greater, less) zero. than Calculate the free energy change for the reaction of 1.68 moles of H₂S(g) at standard conditions at 298K. AG rxn= kJarrow_forwardThe following equilibrium constants have been determined for hydrosulfuric acid at 25ºC: H2S(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + HS–(aq) K′c = 9.5 × 10–8 HS–(aq) ⇌ H+(aq) + S2–(aq) K″c = 1.0 × 10–19 Calculate the equilibrium constant for the following reaction at the same temperature. H2S(aq) ⇌ 2H+(aq) + S2–(aq)arrow_forward
- Calculate the value of Δ?∘rxnΔGrxn∘ for the following reaction at 278 K. Ka = 2.9 × 10–8 and assume Ka does not change significantly with temperature. HClO(aq) + H2O(l) <--> ClO-(aq) + H3O+(aq)arrow_forwardA student determines the value of the equilibrium constant to be 3.67×10-18 for the following reaction. Fe3O4(s) + 4H₂(g) →→→3Fe(s) + 4H₂O(g) Based on this value of Keq: AGO for this reaction is expected to be (greater, less) than zero. Calculate the free energy change for the reaction of 1.67 moles of Fe3O4(s) at standard conditions at 298K. AGᵒrxn KJarrow_forwardCoral structures found in the Great Barrier Reef are composed of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, and are under threat of dissolution due to ocean acidification. Consider the following equilibrium reaction equation. CaCO3(s) + CO2(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ Ca2+(aq) + 2HCO3–(aq) Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc for this reaction. Predict whether the pH of the ocean will increase or decrease as a result of a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere (circle your answer). Calculate the molar solubility (s) of calcium carbonate in water at 25 °C when Ksp = 4.5 ´ 10–9.arrow_forward
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