Organic Chemistry
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781118875766
Author: T. W. Graham Solomons, Craig B. Fryhle, Scott A. Snyder
Publisher: WILEY
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Chapter 3, Problem 42P
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5 ml of a 0.2 M NH3 solution are added to 5 ml of a 0.1 M NH4Cl solution (Kb for NH3 is = 1.8 × 10-5). Calculate:
a) the pH of the resulting solution;
b) the ΔpH due to the addition of 5 ml of a 0.01 M HNO3 solution to the solution resulting from part a);
c) the ΔpH due to the addition of 10 ml of water to the solution resulting from part a)
Consider the following equilibrium reaction: 2 CH3OH + CH2O ⇌CH2(OCH3)2+ H2O ΔH = + 46 cal
Indicate the direction that the equilibrium will shift when the following changes are made.(No states are provided because the solvent for the reaction is not water, so aq for aqueous would not be appropriate.)
(d)How does the equilibrium constant (Keq) change when temperature is decreased?
A reaction has a standard free-energy change of -13.10 kJ mol-¹(-3.131 kcal mol-¹). Calculate the equilibrium constant for the
reaction at 25 °C.
Keq =
Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.2
Write equations showing the...Ch. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.3 Which of the following are...Ch. 3 - Prob. 4PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.5 Formic acid (HCO2H) has...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6PPCh. 3 - Prob. 7PPCh. 3 - Prob. 8PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.9 Predict the outcome of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 10PP
Ch. 3 - Prob. 11PPCh. 3 - Prob. 12PPCh. 3 - Prob. 13PPCh. 3 - Prob. 14PPCh. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.15 Nitro groups have a large...Ch. 3 - PRACTICE PROBLEM 3.16
Your laboratory instructor...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17PPCh. 3 - Prob. 18PPCh. 3 - Prob. 19PPCh. 3 - What is the conjugate base of each of the...Ch. 3 - List the bases you gave as answers to Problem 3.20...Ch. 3 - 3.22 What is the conjugate acid of each of the...Ch. 3 - List the acids you gave as answers to Problem 3.22...Ch. 3 - Rank the following in order of increasing acidity.Ch. 3 - Without consulting tables, select the stronger...Ch. 3 - Designate the Lewis acid and Lewis base in each of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 27PCh. 3 - Prob. 28PCh. 3 - Write an equation, using the curved-arrow...Ch. 3 - 3.30 What reaction will take place if ethyl...Ch. 3 - 3.31 (a) The of formic acid. What is the? (b)...Ch. 3 - Acid HA has pKa=20; acid HB has pKa=10. (a) Which...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33PCh. 3 - 3.34 (a) Arrange the following compounds in order...Ch. 3 - 3.35 Arrange the following compounds in order of...Ch. 3 - 3.36 Arrange the following in order of increasing...Ch. 3 - Prob. 37PCh. 3 - 3.38 Supply the curved arrows necessary for the...Ch. 3 - Glycine is an amino acid that can be obtained from...Ch. 3 - 3.40 Malonic acid, , is a diprotic acid. The for...Ch. 3 - 3.41 The free-energy change, , for the ionization...Ch. 3 - 3.42 At the enthalpy change, , for the ionization...Ch. 3 - The compound at right has (for obvious reasons)...Ch. 3 - 3.44.
(a) Given the above sequence of...Ch. 3 - Prob. 45PCh. 3 - Prob. 46PCh. 3 - 3.47 As noted in Table 3.1, the of acetone, , is...Ch. 3 - Formamide (HCONH2) has a pKa of approximately 25....Ch. 3 - List all the chemical species likely to be present...Ch. 3 - Prob. 2LGPCh. 3 - Prob. 3LGPCh. 3 - Prob. 4LGP
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- The acid dissociation constant for a weak acid HX at 25°C is 1.9 x10-6. Calculate the free energy of formation for X–(aq) at 25°C. The standard free energies of HX(aq) and H+(aq) at 25°C are –245.4 kJ/mol and 0, respectively.arrow_forwardSome H2PO4- and HPO42- are added to water such that the concentration of each is the same value, 5.25 mmol L-1 (pKa = 2.1, 6.8, 12.4). The water was initially at pH 6.55 and 25.0 °C. Calculate ΔGrxn in kJ mol-1. (R = 8.3145 J mol-1 K-1)arrow_forward5. One of the key steps in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is the hydration of fumarate to malate: Fumarate-² + H₂O = Malate-2 The standard reaction Gibbs free energy and enthalpy for this reactions are -880 cal/mol and 3560 cal/mol, respectively. (a) What is the equilibrium constant for this reaction (25 °C)? (b) Is the reaction favorable (spontaneous) at 25 °C? (c) What is the equilibrium constant of this reaction under physiological conditions (37 °C)? (d) Is this reaction favorable at 37 °C?arrow_forward
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- A student determines the value of the equilibrium constant to be 8.18x10-37 for the following reaction. H₂S(g) + 2H₂O(l)—3H₂(g) + SO₂(g) Based on this value of Keq: AG° for this reaction is expected to be (greater, less) zero. than Calculate the free energy change for the reaction of 1.68 moles of H₂S(g) at standard conditions at 298K. AG rxn= kJarrow_forwardFor the following acid-base reaction, (1) predict the products, showing both reactants and products complete Lewis structures and arrows showing electron flow; (2) label each structure with the lowing: Bronsted acid, Bronsted base, conjugate acid, conjugate base; (3) give a brief definition of a ronsted acid and Bronsted base; (4) predict the direction of the equilibrium and justify your answer. HC0OH + CH3 Nta PRん106Y pkb = 3.36arrow_forwardConsider the ionization of nitrous acid at 25 °C: HNO2(aq) + H2O(l)H3O+(aq) + NO2–(aq) ΔG° = 19.1 kJ·mol–1What is the value of K for this equilibrium? 2.2 2.0×10–7 2.2×103 4.5×10–4arrow_forward
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