A large number of seeds are observed, and their initial launch angles are recorded. The range of projection angles is found to be −51° to 75°, with a mean of 31°. Approximately 65% of the seeds arc launched between 6° and 56°. (See W. J. Garrison et al, “Ballistic seed projection in two herbaceous species,” Amer. J. Bot ., Sept. 2000, 87:9, 1257–64.) Which of these hypotheses is best supported by the data? Seeds are preferentially launched (a) at angles that maximize the height they travel above the plant; (b) at angles below the horizontal in order to drive the seeds into the ground with more force; (c) at angles that maximize the horizontal distance the seeds travel from the plant; (d) at angles that minimize the time the seeds spend exposed to the air.
A large number of seeds are observed, and their initial launch angles are recorded. The range of projection angles is found to be −51° to 75°, with a mean of 31°. Approximately 65% of the seeds arc launched between 6° and 56°. (See W. J. Garrison et al, “Ballistic seed projection in two herbaceous species,” Amer. J. Bot ., Sept. 2000, 87:9, 1257–64.) Which of these hypotheses is best supported by the data? Seeds are preferentially launched (a) at angles that maximize the height they travel above the plant; (b) at angles below the horizontal in order to drive the seeds into the ground with more force; (c) at angles that maximize the horizontal distance the seeds travel from the plant; (d) at angles that minimize the time the seeds spend exposed to the air.
A large number of seeds are observed, and their initial launch angles are recorded. The range of projection angles is found to be −51° to 75°, with a mean of 31°. Approximately 65% of the seeds arc launched between 6° and 56°. (See W. J. Garrison et al, “Ballistic seed projection in two herbaceous species,” Amer. J. Bot., Sept. 2000, 87:9, 1257–64.) Which of these hypotheses is best supported by the data? Seeds are preferentially launched
(a) at angles that maximize the height they travel above the plant; (b) at angles below the horizontal in order to drive the seeds into the ground with more force; (c) at angles that maximize the horizontal distance the seeds travel from the plant; (d) at angles that minimize the time the seeds spend exposed to the air.
Typical backyard ants often create a network of chemical trails for guidance. Extending outward from the nest, a trail branches
(bifurcates) repeatedly, with 60° between the branches. If a roaming ant chances upon a trail, it can tell the way to the nest at any
branch point: If it is moving away from the nest, it has two choices of path requiring a small turn in its travel direction, either 30°
leftward or 30 rightward. If it is moving toward the nest, it has only one such choice. Figure shows a typical ant trail, with lettered
straight sections of 1.9 cm length and symmetric bifurcation of 60°. The angle between path w and the y axis is 30°. What are the (a)
magnitude and (b) angle (relative to the positive direction of the superimposed x axis) of an ant's displacement from the nest (find it in
the figure) if the ant enters the trail at point A? What are the (c) magnitude and (d) angle if it enters at point B?
m.
a
C
d
S
V.
(a) Number
i
7.464
Unit
(b) Number
i
90
Unit
degrees
(c)…
Oasis B is 9.0km due east of oasis A. Starting from oasis A, a camel walks 20 km in a direction
15.0° south of east and then
walks 34 km due north. If it is to then walk directly to B, (a) how far and (b) in what direction
(relative to the positive x-axis within the range (-180°, 180°]) should it walk?
Gruen data : Distance between A AND B'is d = 9,0 Km
Please Note:
step I
step 2
all the answeRs are
correct,
The vector diagram of displacement of camel is shown below.
A From step 4 (b)
Please explain (Cindetail
Why y ou use the 270°
Qnd - tan () insteod
of ton" )
Theunk jou!
N
R
d2
W-
B
E
C
E
In above figure:
Step 4
d, = 20 km
(а)
d, = 34 km
The distance travelled by the camel to reach the oasis B is:
JBC + DC
DB =
Step 3
(10.318 km ) +(28.823 km )*
= 30.6 km
From geometrical property:
(b) * Explaruthion, Please
BC = AC – AB
= d̟ cos15° - d
= (20 km ) cos15° – 9.0 km 0 = 270° – ZCDB
= 10.318 km
The direction of displacement relative to positive x-axis is
ВС
= 270°- tan
DC
DC = DE - CE…
The figure shows the path taken by a drunk skunk over level ground, from initial point i to final point f. The angles are e, = 32.0°,
e, = 49.0°, and0z = 84.0°, and the distances are d= 4.80 m, d2 = 7.30 m, and dz = 10.0 m. What are the (a) magnitude and (b) angle of
the skunk's displacement from i to f? Give the angle as a positive (counterclockwise) or negative (clockwise) angle of magnitude less
than 180°, measured from the +x direction.
de
(a) Number
Units
(b) Number
Units
Chapter 3 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
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