Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The hybridization of each non-hydrogen atom in Octocrylene is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
A hybrid atomic orbital is a cross between two or more pure AOs from the valence shell of a single atom. Typically
Answer to Problem 3.54P
Atoms shown in blue color are
Explanation of Solution
The given structure for Octocrylene is:
The above molecule has two benzene rings. Each carbon atom in the benzene ring has three electron groups: two single bonds and one double bond. Thus, the geometry for all these carbon atoms must be trigonal planar and hybridization must be
The triple bonded carbon atom has two electron groups: one single bond and one triple bond. Thus, the hybridization of this carbon atom must be
The single bonded oxygen atom and each carbon atom in the alkyl chain has four electrons groups. Thus, its geometry must be tetrahedral and hybridization must be
Hybridization of all non-hydrogen atoms is shown in three figures as above.
(b)
Interpretation:
All the atoms bonded to the acyclic
Concept introduction:
Free rotation can occur about single bonds but not about double bonds. According to the VSEPR theory, if an atom has three electron groups: three bonds, or two bonds and one pair of electrons then, the atom is said to be
Answer to Problem 3.54P
Explanation of Solution
The given structure for Octocrylene is:
In the above structure, the
All the atoms bonded to the acyclic
(c)
Interpretation:
It is to be determined if there are two unique configurations possible about the acyclic
Concept introduction:
No free rotation takes place about the double bonds. Hence, in such compounds, molecules that differ by the exchange of two groups on one of the doubly bonded atoms are said to have different configurations. It is a cis configuration if the two non-hydrogen substituents are on present the same side of the double bond, and it is trans if they are on the opposite sides.
Answer to Problem 3.54P
It is not possible to have two unique configurations about the acyclic
Explanation of Solution
The given structure for Octocrylene is:
In the structure above, the acyclic
Thus, it is not possible to have two unique configurations about the acyclic
For a
(d)
Interpretation:
Out of the two indicated
Concept introduction:
The bond distance decrease and bond energies increase as the hybridization of the atom goes changes
Answer to Problem 3.54P
The
Explanation of Solution
The given structure for Octocrylene is:
In the structure above, the two
The two carbon atoms involved in ‘a’ type of are
The two carbon atoms involved in ‘b’ type of bond are both
The bond distance decrease and bond energies increase as the hybridization of the atom goes changes
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: Principles and Mechanisms (Second Edition)
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- In following decomposition reaction:2C3H8(g)⟶ C2H4(g)+ C3H6(g) + CH4(g) + H2(g)For each of the four carbon compounds, do the following: (a) Draw Lewis structure.(b) Predict the geometry about the carbon atom.(c) Determine the hybridization of each type of carbon atom.arrow_forward2a) The molecule ethene (or ethylene), which has the molecular formula C₂H4, contains two carbon atoms with planar geometry. Construct a model of ethene by first connecting two black balls with two springs. Use four short sticks and four yellow balls to complete the structure. Sketch a perspective representation (a three dimensional drawing) of the structure. 2b) What is the C=C-H bond angle in ethene?arrow_forwardEstimate whether the compound will have a large, small, or zero dipole moment. (a) CF4(b) CH3CHO(c) CH2“CHClarrow_forward
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- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning