Chapter 3, Problem 3.51P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Out of the two $\text{C-C}$ single bonds in $\text{penta-1, 3-diyne}$, the one which is stronger is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization affects the bond strength. As the $\text{s}$ character of the hybrid orbital increases, the strength of the single bond increases. The s character of the carbon atoms in hybrid orbital increases in the order ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}{\text{< sp}}^{\text{2}}\text{< sp}$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Out of the two $\text{C-C}$ single bonds in $\text{penta-1, 3-diyne}$, the one which is shorter is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization affects the bond strength. As the $\text{s}$ character of the hybrid orbital increases, the strength of the single bond increases. The s character of the carbon atoms in hybrid orbital increases in the order ${\text{sp}}^{\text{3}}{\text{< sp}}^{\text{2}}\text{< sp}$ respectively.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The direction of the dipole moment in $\text{penta-1, 3-diyne}$ is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The effective electronegativity increases as the s character of the atom’s hybridization increases. The direction of the dipole moment depends on the effective electronegativity. It points in the direction of more electronegative atoms.