Chapter 3, Problem 3.49AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol of the ion with $4$ protons and $2$ electrons has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Writing the symbol of ions:  The number of protons is equal to the atomic number, and the element is identified.  The determination of charge is done by comparing the number of protons and electrons.

If the number of electrons is higher than the number of protons, the charge is negative (an anion).

If the number of electrons is lesser than the number of protons, the charge is positive (an cation).

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol of the ion with $\text{22}$ protons and $\text{20}$ electrons has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol of the ion with $\text{16}$ protons and $\text{18}$ electrons has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The symbol of the ion with $\text{13}$ protons and $\text{10}$ electrons has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).