To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose. Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 3, Problem 3.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of Raffinose.

Introduction: Raffinose is the trisaccharide made up of glucose, galactose, and fructose and commonly found in sugar beets In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Raffinose is made up of one molecule of α –D- galactose, α –D- glucose and β-D fructose linked by a glycosidic bond.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of dextran having one branch point.

Introduction: Bacteria produce certain polysaccharides called as Dextrans. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Dextrans are polymers of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of Raffinose.

Introduction: Raffinose is the trisaccharide made up of glucose, galactose, and fructose and commonly found in sugar beets In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Raffinose is made up of one molecule of α –D- galactose, α –D- glucose and β-D fructose linked by a glycosidic bond.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of dextran having one branch point.

Introduction: Bacteria produce certain polysaccharides called as Dextrans. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Dextrans are polymers of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of Raffinose.

Introduction: Raffinose is the trisaccharide made up of glucose, galactose, and fructose and commonly found in sugar beets In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Raffinose is made up of one molecule of α –D- galactose, α –D- glucose and β-D fructose linked by a glycosidic bond.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of dextran having one branch point.

Introduction: Bacteria produce certain polysaccharides called as Dextrans. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Dextrans are polymers of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 3.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of Raffinose.

Introduction: Raffinose is the trisaccharide made up of glucose, galactose, and fructose and commonly found in sugar beets In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Raffinose is made up of one molecule of α –D- galactose, α –D- glucose and β-D fructose linked by a glycosidic bond.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of dextran having one branch point.

Introduction: Bacteria produce certain polysaccharides called as Dextrans. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Dextrans are polymers of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 3.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of Raffinose.

Introduction: Raffinose is the trisaccharide made up of glucose, galactose, and fructose and commonly found in sugar beets In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Raffinose is made up of one molecule of α –D- galactose, α –D- glucose and β-D fructose linked by a glycosidic bond.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of dextran having one branch point.

Introduction: Bacteria produce certain polysaccharides called as Dextrans. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Dextrans are polymers of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 3.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 3.10PS

(a)

Summary Introduction

To draw: The Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

Introduction: Gentiobiose is the common disaccharide observed in gentians and other plants. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Gentiobiose is composed of two subunits of glucose linked to each other with the help of glycosidic bonds oriented in beta direction.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of Raffinose.

Introduction: Raffinose is the trisaccharide made up of glucose, galactose, and fructose and commonly found in sugar beets In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Raffinose is made up of one molecule of α –D- galactose, α –D- glucose and β-D fructose linked by a glycosidic bond.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of Raffinose.

Introduction: Raffinose is the trisaccharide made up of glucose, galactose, and fructose and commonly found in sugar beets In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Raffinose is made up of one molecule of α –D- galactose, α –D- glucose and β-D fructose linked by a glycosidic bond.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of dextran having one branch point.

Introduction: Bacteria produce certain polysaccharides called as Dextrans. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Dextrans are polymers of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To draw The Haworth projection of dextran having one branch point.

Introduction: Bacteria produce certain polysaccharides called as Dextrans. In case of the Haworth projection, sugar is represented either as pentagon or hexagon with bonds coming off the ring. Dextrans are polymers of glucose linked by glycosidic bonds.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Solution Summary: The author explains how to draw the Haworth projection of Gentiobiose.

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