Chapter 3, Problem 3.109P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A balanced chemical equation for a reaction between hydrogen sulphide and oxygen to form sulphur dioxide and water vapour is to be written.

Concept introduction:

A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A balanced chemical equation for a reaction when potassium chlorate is heated forming potassium chloride and potassium perchlorate is to be written.

Concept introduction:

A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

A balanced chemical equation for a reaction between hydrogen gas and $\text{iron}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{oxide}$ to form iron metal and water vapor is to be written.

Concept introduction:

A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical equation for the combustion reaction of gaseous ethane to form carbon dioxide and water vapor is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total

mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The chemical equation for the reaction when $\text{iron}\left(\text{II}\right)\text{chloride}$ is treated with chlorine trifluoride gas to form $\text{iron}\left(\text{III}\right)\text{fluoride}$ is to be balanced.

Concept introduction:

A balanced chemical equation obeys the law of conservation of mass since the total

mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The reactants are the chemical substances that undergo a change, thus, write the reactants on the left side of the yield arrow. The products are the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change, thus, write the products on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element/elements such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjust the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation.