Chapter 3, Problem 28P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The compounds given in each group, that is, isomers, are to be identified, and whether they are constitutional isomers or stereoisomers, is to be specified.

Concept introduction:

Compounds that have the same molecular formula, but have different structures are classified as isomers.

The bond-line formulas must be expanded, and all atoms must be shown. This clearly shows all the atoms of similar element present in the structure. From this, the molecular formula can be written.

Stereoisomers are isomers have their atoms bonded in the same order, with similar in constitution, but different in the arrangement of atoms. If structures cannot be made identical by rotation around one or more single bonds, the structures are stereoisomers.

When cyclohexane ring flips, any substituent that is axial in the original chair conformation becomes equatorial in the ring-inverted form and vice versa.