Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

12th Edition

ISBN: 9780357119303

Author: Bettelheim, Frederick A., Brown, William H., Campbell, Mary K., FARRELL, Shawn O., Torres, Omar

Publisher: Cengage Learning

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Types of Chemical Bonds

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Polarizability refers to the ability of an atom/molecule to distort the electron cloud of neighboring species towards itself and the process of distortion of electron cloud is known as polarization.

Coordinate Covalent Bonds

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Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 26P

3-42 What is the charge on each ion in these compounds?

(a) CaS

(b) MgF₂

(d) ScCl₃

(e) Al₂S₃

Expert Solution & Answer

Chapter 3 Solutions

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

Ch. 3.1 - Problem 3-1 Show how the following chemical...Ch. 3.3 - Problem 3-2 Judging from their relative positions...Ch. 3.4 - Problem 3-3 Write the formulas for the ionic...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-4 Name these binary ionic compounds: (a)...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5QC Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-6 Give each binary compound a systematic...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-7 Name these ionic compounds, each of...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.8QC Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.9QC Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.10QC

Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.11QC Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.12QC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.13QC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.14QC Ch. 3.9 - Problem 3-15 Predict all bond angles for these...Ch. 3.10 - Problem 3-16 Which of these molecules are polar?...Ch. 3 - 3-17 Answer true or false. (a) The octet rule...Ch. 3 - 3-18 How many electrons must each atom gain or...Ch. 3 - 3-19 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-20 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-21 Write the formula for the most stable ion...Ch. 3 - 3-22 Why is Li- not a stable ion?Ch. 3 - 3-23 Predict which ions are stable: (a) (b) (c)...Ch. 3 - 3-24 Predict which ions are stable: (a) Br2- (b)...Ch. 3 - 3-25 Why are carbon and silicon reluctant to form...Ch. 3 - 3-26 Table 3-2 shows the following ions of copper:...Ch. 3 - 3-27 Answer true or false. (a) For Group lA and...Ch. 3 - 3-28 Name each polyatomic ion. (a) HCO3- (b) NO2-...Ch. 3 - 3-29 Answer true or false. (a) According to the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14P Ch. 3 - 3-31 Why does electronegativity generally increase...Ch. 3 - 3-32 Judging from their relative positions in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17P Ch. 3 - 3-34 Which of these bonds is the most polar? The...Ch. 3 - 3-35 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-36 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-37 Answer true or false. (a) An ionic bond is...Ch. 3 - 3-38 Complete the chart by writing formulas for...Ch. 3 - 3-39 Write a formula for the ionic compound formed...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24P Ch. 3 - 3-41 Describe the structure of sodium chloride in...Ch. 3 - 3-42 What is the charge on each ion in these...Ch. 3 - 3-43 Write the formula for the compound formed...Ch. 3 - 3-44 Write the formula for the ionic compound...Ch. 3 - 3-45 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-46 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-47 Answer true or false. (a) The name of a...Ch. 3 - 3-48 Potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33P Ch. 3 - 3-50 Name the polyatomic ion(s) in each compound....Ch. 3 - 3-51 Write the formulas for the ions present in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36P Ch. 3 - 3-53 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - 3-54 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39P Ch. 3 - 3-56 How many covalent bonds are normally formed...Ch. 3 - 3-57 What is: (a) A single bond? (b) A double...Ch. 3 - 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43P Ch. 3 - Prob. 44P Ch. 3 - Prob. 45P Ch. 3 - Prob. 46P Ch. 3 - 3-63 What is the difference between (a) a bromine...Ch. 3 - 3-64 Acetylene (C2H2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 49P Ch. 3 - 3-66 Why can’t second-row elements have more than...Ch. 3 - 3-67 Why does nitrogen have three bonds and one...Ch. 3 - 3-68 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 53P Ch. 3 - 3-70 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 55P Ch. 3 - Prob. 56P Ch. 3 - Prob. 57P Ch. 3 - 3-74 Answer true or false. (a) A binary covalent...Ch. 3 - Prob. 59P Ch. 3 - Prob. 60P Ch. 3 - 3-77 Ozone, O3, is an unstable blue gas with a...Ch. 3 - 3-78 Nitrous oxide, N20, laughing gas, is a...Ch. 3 - 3-79 Answer true or false. (a) The letters VSEPR...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64P Ch. 3 - Prob. 65P Ch. 3 - 3-82 Hydrogen and nitrogen combine in different...Ch. 3 - Prob. 67P Ch. 3 - Prob. 68P Ch. 3 - Prob. 69P Ch. 3 - Prob. 70P Ch. 3 - 3-87 Consider the molecule boron trffluoride, BF3....Ch. 3 - Prob. 72P Ch. 3 - 3-89 Is it possible for a molecule to have no...Ch. 3 - Prob. 74P Ch. 3 - Prob. 75P Ch. 3 - Prob. 76P Ch. 3 - Prob. 77P Ch. 3 - Prob. 78P Ch. 3 - Prob. 79P Ch. 3 - Prob. 80P Ch. 3 - Prob. 81P Ch. 3 - Prob. 82P Ch. 3 - 3-99 Knowing what you do about covalent bonding in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 84P Ch. 3 - Prob. 85P Ch. 3 - Prob. 86P Ch. 3 - Prob. 87P Ch. 3 - Prob. 88P Ch. 3 - 3-105 Consider the structure of Vitamin E shown...Ch. 3 - 3-106 Consider the structure of Penicillin G shown...Ch. 3 - 3-107 Ephedrine, a molecule at one time found in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 92P Ch. 3 - 3-109 Until several years ago, the two...Ch. 3 - 3-110 Name and write the formula for the fluorine...Ch. 3 - Prob. 95P Ch. 3 - Prob. 96P Ch. 3 - Prob. 97P Ch. 3 - Prob. 98P Ch. 3 - Prob. 99P Ch. 3 - Prob. 100P Ch. 3 - Prob. 101P Ch. 3 - Prob. 102P Ch. 3 - 3-119 Perchloroethylene, which is a liquid at room...Ch. 3 - 3-120 Vinyl chloride is the starting material for...Ch. 3 - 3-121 Tetrafluoroethylene is the starting material...Ch. 3 - 3-122 Some of the following structural formulas...Ch. 3 - 3-123 Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has found wide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 108P Ch. 3 - Prob. 109P Ch. 3 - Prob. 110P Ch. 3 - Prob. 111P Ch. 3 - Prob. 112P Ch. 3 - Consider the structure of Fluoxetine (or Prozac)...Ch. 3 - Consider the structure of lipoic acid shown below,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 115P

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3-42 What is the charge on each ion in these compounds? (a) CaS (b) MgF 2 (c) Cs 2 O (d) ScCl 3 (e) Al 2 S 3

Solution Summary: The author explains that when an atom of an element loses or gains an electron in gaseous isolated state, it is converted into a charge. Metals form cation due to their electropositive nature.

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Chapter 3 Solutions