Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

12th Edition

ISBN: 9780357119303

Author: Bettelheim, Frederick A., Brown, William H., Campbell, Mary K., FARRELL, Shawn O., Torres, Omar

Publisher: Cengage Learning

See similar textbooks

Concept explainers

Formal Charges

Formal charges have an important role in organic chemistry since this concept helps us to know whether an atom in a molecule is neutral/bears a positive or negative charge. Even if some molecules are neutral, the atoms within that molecule need not be ne…

Polarity Of Water

In simple chemical terms, polarity refers to the separation of charges in a chemical species leading into formation of two polar ends which are positively charged end and negatively charged end. Polarity in any molecule occurs due to the differences in t…

Valence Bond Theory Vbt

Valence bond theory (VBT) in simple terms explains how individual atomic orbitals with an unpaired electron each, come close to each other and overlap to form a molecular orbital giving a covalent bond. It gives a quantum mechanical approach to the forma…

Videos

Textbook Question

Chapter 3, Problem 114P

Consider the structure of lipoic acid shown below, a growth factor for many bacteria and protozoa that functions as an essential component of enzymes involved in human metabolism:

Chapter 3, Problem 114P, Consider the structure of lipoic acid shown below, a growth factor for many bacteria and protozoa

(a) Identify the various types of geometries present in each central atom denoted by an arrow using VSEPR theory.

(b) Determine the various relative bond angles associated with each central atom denoted by an arrow using VSEPR theory.

(d) Would you predict lipoic acid to be polar or nonpolar?

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Chapter 3, Problem 113P

Chapter 3, Problem 115P

Students have asked these similar questions

(f) SO: Best Lewis Structure 3 e group geometry:_ shape/molecular geometry:, (g) CF2CF2 Best Lewis Structure polarity: e group arrangement:_ shape/molecular geometry: (h) (NH4)2SO4 Best Lewis Structure polarity: e group arrangement: shape/molecular geometry: polarity: Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles):

1. Problem Set 3b Chem 141 For each of the following compounds draw the BEST Lewis Structure then sketch the molecule (showing bond angles). Identify (i) electron group geometry (ii) shape around EACH central atom (iii) whether the molecule is polar or non-polar (iv) (a) SeF4 Best Lewis Structure e group arrangement:_ shape/molecular geometry: polarity: (b) AsOBr3 Best Lewis Structure e group arrangement:_ shape/molecular geometry: polarity: Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles):

(c) SOCI Best Lewis Structure 2 e group arrangement: shape/molecular geometry:_ (d) PCls Best Lewis Structure polarity: e group geometry:_ shape/molecular geometry:_ (e) Ba(BrO2): Best Lewis Structure polarity: e group arrangement: shape/molecular geometry: polarity: Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles): Sketch (with angles):

Chapter 3 Solutions

Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry

Ch. 3.1 - Problem 3-1 Show how the following chemical...Ch. 3.3 - Problem 3-2 Judging from their relative positions...Ch. 3.4 - Problem 3-3 Write the formulas for the ionic...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-4 Name these binary ionic compounds: (a)...Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.5QC Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-6 Give each binary compound a systematic...Ch. 3.5 - Problem 3-7 Name these ionic compounds, each of...Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.8QC Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.9QC Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.10QC

Ch. 3.6 - Prob. 3.11QC Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.12QC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.13QC Ch. 3.8 - Prob. 3.14QC Ch. 3.9 - Problem 3-15 Predict all bond angles for these...Ch. 3.10 - Problem 3-16 Which of these molecules are polar?...Ch. 3 - 3-17 Answer true or false. (a) The octet rule...Ch. 3 - 3-18 How many electrons must each atom gain or...Ch. 3 - 3-19 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-20 Show how each chemical change obeys the octet...Ch. 3 - 3-21 Write the formula for the most stable ion...Ch. 3 - 3-22 Why is Li- not a stable ion?Ch. 3 - 3-23 Predict which ions are stable: (a) (b) (c)...Ch. 3 - 3-24 Predict which ions are stable: (a) Br2- (b)...Ch. 3 - 3-25 Why are carbon and silicon reluctant to form...Ch. 3 - 3-26 Table 3-2 shows the following ions of copper:...Ch. 3 - 3-27 Answer true or false. (a) For Group lA and...Ch. 3 - 3-28 Name each polyatomic ion. (a) HCO3- (b) NO2-...Ch. 3 - 3-29 Answer true or false. (a) According to the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 14P Ch. 3 - 3-31 Why does electronegativity generally increase...Ch. 3 - 3-32 Judging from their relative positions in the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 17P Ch. 3 - 3-34 Which of these bonds is the most polar? The...Ch. 3 - 3-35 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-36 Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent,...Ch. 3 - 3-37 Answer true or false. (a) An ionic bond is...Ch. 3 - 3-38 Complete the chart by writing formulas for...Ch. 3 - 3-39 Write a formula for the ionic compound formed...Ch. 3 - Prob. 24P Ch. 3 - 3-41 Describe the structure of sodium chloride in...Ch. 3 - 3-42 What is the charge on each ion in these...Ch. 3 - 3-43 Write the formula for the compound formed...Ch. 3 - 3-44 Write the formula for the ionic compound...Ch. 3 - 3-45 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-46 Which formulas are not correct? For each that...Ch. 3 - 3-47 Answer true or false. (a) The name of a...Ch. 3 - 3-48 Potassium chloride and potassium bicarbonate...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33P Ch. 3 - 3-50 Name the polyatomic ion(s) in each compound....Ch. 3 - 3-51 Write the formulas for the ions present in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 36P Ch. 3 - 3-53 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - 3-54 Write formulas for the following ionic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 39P Ch. 3 - 3-56 How many covalent bonds are normally formed...Ch. 3 - 3-57 What is: (a) A single bond? (b) A double...Ch. 3 - 3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven...Ch. 3 - Prob. 43P Ch. 3 - Prob. 44P Ch. 3 - Prob. 45P Ch. 3 - Prob. 46P Ch. 3 - 3-63 What is the difference between (a) a bromine...Ch. 3 - 3-64 Acetylene (C2H2), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and...Ch. 3 - Prob. 49P Ch. 3 - 3-66 Why can’t second-row elements have more than...Ch. 3 - 3-67 Why does nitrogen have three bonds and one...Ch. 3 - 3-68 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 53P Ch. 3 - 3-70 Draw a Lewis structure of a covalent compound...Ch. 3 - Prob. 55P Ch. 3 - Prob. 56P Ch. 3 - Prob. 57P Ch. 3 - 3-74 Answer true or false. (a) A binary covalent...Ch. 3 - Prob. 59P Ch. 3 - Prob. 60P Ch. 3 - 3-77 Ozone, O3, is an unstable blue gas with a...Ch. 3 - 3-78 Nitrous oxide, N20, laughing gas, is a...Ch. 3 - 3-79 Answer true or false. (a) The letters VSEPR...Ch. 3 - Prob. 64P Ch. 3 - Prob. 65P Ch. 3 - 3-82 Hydrogen and nitrogen combine in different...Ch. 3 - Prob. 67P Ch. 3 - Prob. 68P Ch. 3 - Prob. 69P Ch. 3 - Prob. 70P Ch. 3 - 3-87 Consider the molecule boron trffluoride, BF3....Ch. 3 - Prob. 72P Ch. 3 - 3-89 Is it possible for a molecule to have no...Ch. 3 - Prob. 74P Ch. 3 - Prob. 75P Ch. 3 - Prob. 76P Ch. 3 - Prob. 77P Ch. 3 - Prob. 78P Ch. 3 - Prob. 79P Ch. 3 - Prob. 80P Ch. 3 - Prob. 81P Ch. 3 - Prob. 82P Ch. 3 - 3-99 Knowing what you do about covalent bonding in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 84P Ch. 3 - Prob. 85P Ch. 3 - Prob. 86P Ch. 3 - Prob. 87P Ch. 3 - Prob. 88P Ch. 3 - 3-105 Consider the structure of Vitamin E shown...Ch. 3 - 3-106 Consider the structure of Penicillin G shown...Ch. 3 - 3-107 Ephedrine, a molecule at one time found in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 92P Ch. 3 - 3-109 Until several years ago, the two...Ch. 3 - 3-110 Name and write the formula for the fluorine...Ch. 3 - Prob. 95P Ch. 3 - Prob. 96P Ch. 3 - Prob. 97P Ch. 3 - Prob. 98P Ch. 3 - Prob. 99P Ch. 3 - Prob. 100P Ch. 3 - Prob. 101P Ch. 3 - Prob. 102P Ch. 3 - 3-119 Perchloroethylene, which is a liquid at room...Ch. 3 - 3-120 Vinyl chloride is the starting material for...Ch. 3 - 3-121 Tetrafluoroethylene is the starting material...Ch. 3 - 3-122 Some of the following structural formulas...Ch. 3 - 3-123 Sodium borohydride, NaBH4, has found wide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 108P Ch. 3 - Prob. 109P Ch. 3 - Prob. 110P Ch. 3 - Prob. 111P Ch. 3 - Prob. 112P Ch. 3 - Consider the structure of Fluoxetine (or Prozac)...Ch. 3 - Consider the structure of lipoic acid shown below,...Ch. 3 - Prob. 115P

Knowledge Booster

Learn more about

Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.

Solution Summary: The author explains that the hybridization and geometry of each central atom in the given structure needs to be determined.

Concept explainers

Videos

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 3 Solutions