To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question. Concept introduction: Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question.

Concept introduction:

Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

The given nucleotide is identified as guanosine diphosphate.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 shows the structure of the guanosine diphosphate in which all the components are labeled.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEM.-NEXTGEN ACCESS, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Fig.1: Guanosine diphosphate

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given structure in the diagram is of the nucleoside diphosphate called guanosine diphosphate, as identified by its components (Fig.1). The nucleobase in the given structure is the purine derivative guanine, which has the formula C₅H₅N₅O₁. It is a planar and bicyclic molecule. It contains a pyrimidine-imidazole fused ring structure with conjugated double bonds. Ribose sugar is an organic single-ring 5-carbon compound. It consists of five carbon atoms, five oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms that are bonded together. The guanine and ribose sugar together form the nucleoside guanosine, which is attached to the diphosphate moiety. Diphosphate is an ester that contains two phosphate groups.

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Sodium fluoroacetate (FCH 2CO2Na) is a very toxic molecule that is used as rodentpoison. It is converted enzymatically to fluoroacetyl-CoA and is utilized by citratesynthase to generate (2R,3S)-fluorocitrate. The release of this product is a potentinhibitor of the next enzyme in the TCA cycle. Show the mechanism for theproduction of fluorocitrate and explain how this molecule acts as a competitiveinhibitor. Predict the effect on the concentrations of TCA intermediates.

Indicate for the reactions below which type of enzyme and cofactor(s) (if any) wouldbe required to catalyze each reaction shown. 1) Fru-6-P + Ery-4-P <--> GAP + Sed-7-P2) Fru-6-P + Pi <--> Fru-1,6-BP + H2O3) GTP + ADP <--> GDP + ATP4) Sed-7-P + GAP <--> Rib-5-P + Xyl-5-P5) Oxaloacetate + GTP ---> PEP + GDP + CO 26) DHAP + Ery-4-P <--> Sed-1,7-BP + H 2O7) Pyruvate + ATP + HCO3- ---> Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi

TPP is also utilized in transketolase reactions in the PPP. Give a mechanism for theTPP-dependent reaction between Xylulose-5-phosphate and Ribose-5-Phosphate toyield Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and Sedoheptulose-7-Phosphate.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question.

Concept introduction:

Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

The given nucleotide is identified as guanosine diphosphate.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 shows the structure of the guanosine diphosphate in which all the components are labeled.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEM.-NEXTGEN ACCESS, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Fig.1: Guanosine diphosphate

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given structure in the diagram is of the nucleoside diphosphate called guanosine diphosphate, as identified by its components (Fig.1). The nucleobase in the given structure is the purine derivative guanine, which has the formula C₅H₅N₅O₁. It is a planar and bicyclic molecule. It contains a pyrimidine-imidazole fused ring structure with conjugated double bonds. Ribose sugar is an organic single-ring 5-carbon compound. It consists of five carbon atoms, five oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms that are bonded together. The guanine and ribose sugar together form the nucleoside guanosine, which is attached to the diphosphate moiety. Diphosphate is an ester that contains two phosphate groups.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question.

Concept introduction:

Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

The given nucleotide is identified as guanosine diphosphate.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 shows the structure of the guanosine diphosphate in which all the components are labeled.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEM.-NEXTGEN ACCESS, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Fig.1: Guanosine diphosphate

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given structure in the diagram is of the nucleoside diphosphate called guanosine diphosphate, as identified by its components (Fig.1). The nucleobase in the given structure is the purine derivative guanine, which has the formula C₅H₅N₅O₁. It is a planar and bicyclic molecule. It contains a pyrimidine-imidazole fused ring structure with conjugated double bonds. Ribose sugar is an organic single-ring 5-carbon compound. It consists of five carbon atoms, five oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms that are bonded together. The guanine and ribose sugar together form the nucleoside guanosine, which is attached to the diphosphate moiety. Diphosphate is an ester that contains two phosphate groups.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question.

Concept introduction:

Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

The given nucleotide is identified as guanosine diphosphate.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 shows the structure of the guanosine diphosphate in which all the components are labeled.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEM.-NEXTGEN ACCESS, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Fig.1: Guanosine diphosphate

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given structure in the diagram is of the nucleoside diphosphate called guanosine diphosphate, as identified by its components (Fig.1). The nucleobase in the given structure is the purine derivative guanine, which has the formula C₅H₅N₅O₁. It is a planar and bicyclic molecule. It contains a pyrimidine-imidazole fused ring structure with conjugated double bonds. Ribose sugar is an organic single-ring 5-carbon compound. It consists of five carbon atoms, five oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms that are bonded together. The guanine and ribose sugar together form the nucleoside guanosine, which is attached to the diphosphate moiety. Diphosphate is an ester that contains two phosphate groups.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question.

Concept introduction:

Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

The given nucleotide is identified as guanosine diphosphate.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 shows the structure of the guanosine diphosphate in which all the components are labeled.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEM.-NEXTGEN ACCESS, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Fig.1: Guanosine diphosphate

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given structure in the diagram is of the nucleoside diphosphate called guanosine diphosphate, as identified by its components (Fig.1). The nucleobase in the given structure is the purine derivative guanine, which has the formula C₅H₅N₅O₁. It is a planar and bicyclic molecule. It contains a pyrimidine-imidazole fused ring structure with conjugated double bonds. Ribose sugar is an organic single-ring 5-carbon compound. It consists of five carbon atoms, five oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms that are bonded together. The guanine and ribose sugar together form the nucleoside guanosine, which is attached to the diphosphate moiety. Diphosphate is an ester that contains two phosphate groups.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question.

Concept introduction:

Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

The given nucleotide is identified as guanosine diphosphate.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 shows the structure of the guanosine diphosphate in which all the components are labeled.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEM.-NEXTGEN ACCESS, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Fig.1: Guanosine diphosphate

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given structure in the diagram is of the nucleoside diphosphate called guanosine diphosphate, as identified by its components (Fig.1). The nucleobase in the given structure is the purine derivative guanine, which has the formula C₅H₅N₅O₁. It is a planar and bicyclic molecule. It contains a pyrimidine-imidazole fused ring structure with conjugated double bonds. Ribose sugar is an organic single-ring 5-carbon compound. It consists of five carbon atoms, five oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms that are bonded together. The guanine and ribose sugar together form the nucleoside guanosine, which is attached to the diphosphate moiety. Diphosphate is an ester that contains two phosphate groups.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To name: The nucleotide that is given in the question.

Concept introduction:

Nucleotides are ubiquitous molecules and building blocks of nucleic acids. Nucleotides without a phosphate group are called nucleosides. They consist of three subunits of molecules such as a nitrogenous base, a ribose or deoxyribose sugar, and at least one phosphate group. The nitrogenous bases of the nucleotides consist of a purine or pyrimidine base that is linked to the ribose. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is made up of deoxynucleotides, whereas the ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made up of ribonucleotides.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1E

Correct answer:

The given nucleotide is identified as guanosine diphosphate.

Pictorial representation:

Fig.1 shows the structure of the guanosine diphosphate in which all the components are labeled.

FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEM.-NEXTGEN ACCESS, Chapter 3, Problem 1E

Fig.1: Guanosine diphosphate

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given structure in the diagram is of the nucleoside diphosphate called guanosine diphosphate, as identified by its components (Fig.1). The nucleobase in the given structure is the purine derivative guanine, which has the formula C₅H₅N₅O₁. It is a planar and bicyclic molecule. It contains a pyrimidine-imidazole fused ring structure with conjugated double bonds. Ribose sugar is an organic single-ring 5-carbon compound. It consists of five carbon atoms, five oxygen atoms, and ten hydrogen atoms that are bonded together. The guanine and ribose sugar together form the nucleoside guanosine, which is attached to the diphosphate moiety. Diphosphate is an ester that contains two phosphate groups.

Answer 12

Ch. 3 - Prob. 1E Ch. 3 - 2. Name the following nucleotide. Ch. 3 - 3. In many organisms, DNA is modified by...Ch. 3 - 4. When cytosine is treated with bisulfite, the...Ch. 3 - 5. Kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphoryl...Ch. 3 - 6. Kinases are enzymes that transfer a phosphoryl...Ch. 3 - 7. A diploid organism with a 45,000-kb haploid...Ch. 3 - 8. A segment of DNA containing 20 base pairs...Ch. 3 - 9. Explain why the strands of a DNA molecule can...Ch. 3 - 10. Explain why increasing the NaCl concentration...

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