Chapter 3, Problem 15P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Primary, secondary and tertiary hydrogen in below structure should be labeled.

  

Concept introduction: Primary, secondary and tertiary hydrogen are identified as indicated below:

  

Explanation of Solution

The carbon linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl/carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary. The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary. Thus three types of hydrogens are identified below.

  

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Primary, secondary and tertiary hydrogen in below structure should be labeled.

  

Concept introduction: Primary, secondary and tertiary hydrogen are identified as indicated below:

  

Explanation of Solution

The carbon linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl/carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary. The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary. Thus three types of hydrogens are identified below:

  

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Primary, secondary and tertiary hydrogen in below structure should be labeled.

  

Concept introduction: Primary, secondary and tertiary hydrogen are identified as indicated below:

  

Explanation of Solution

The carbon linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl/carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary. The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary. Thus three types of hydrogens are identified below:

  

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Primary, secondary and tertiary hydrogen in below structure should be labeled.

  

Concept introduction: The carbon linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two $\text{H}$ are termed primary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as primary.

The carbon linked to two alkyl/carbons and one $\text{H}$ is termed secondary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as secondary. The carbon linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no $\text{H}$ is termed tertiary carbon. Thus hydrogen linked to such carbon is referred as tertiary.

These are indicated below:

  

Explanation of Solution

Since each of the carbon of ring is linked to each other they represent secondary; the methyl group attached to ring represents primary as it is directly linked to only one carbon that is ring carbon. Thus it denotes primary hydrogens. Thus three types of hydrogens are identified and labeled below.