Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description. Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical. The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below: The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Question

In the phase diagram of steel (two components Fe and C), region A is the gamma austenite solid and region B contains the gamma solid and liquid. Indicate the degrees of freedom that the fields A and B have,

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyper conjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

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Part V. Label ad match the carbons in compounds Jane and Diane w/ the corresponding peak no. in the Spectra (Note: use the given peak no. To label the carbons, other peak no are intentionally omitted) 7 4 2 -0.13 -0.12 -0.11 -0.10 -0.08 8 CI Jane 1 -0.09 5 210 200 190 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 -8 90 f1 (ppm) 11 8 172.4 172.0 f1 (ppr HO CI NH Diane 7 3 11 80 80 -80 -R 70 60 60 2 5 -8 50 40 8. 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 -0 80 70 20 f1 (ppm) 15 30 -20 20 -60 60 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 -0.03 -0.02 -0.01 -0.00 -0.01 10 -0.17 16 15 56 16 -0.16 -0.15 -0.14 -0.13 -0.12 -0.11 -0.10 -0.09 -0.08 -0.07 -0.06 -0.05 -0.04 17.8 17.6 17.4 17.2 17.0 f1 (ppm) -0.03 -0.02 550 106 40 30 20 20 -0.01 -0.00 F-0.01 10 0

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyper conjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyper conjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyper conjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

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Answer 5

Chapter 3, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyper conjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 6

Chapter 3, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 7

Chapter 3, Problem 16P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyperconjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyper conjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical should be described by orbital description.

Concept introduction: The carbon radical linked to one alkyl/carbon while other two H are termed primary alkyl radical.

The carbon radical linked to two alkyl/carbon atoms and one H is termed secondary alkyl radical. The carbon radical linked to three alkyl groups/carbons and no H is termed tertiary alkyl radical.

The various kinds of alkyl radicals are indicated below:

The tertiary radicals are most stable followed by secondary and least stable is primary methyl radical. This is because there is maximum stabilization through delocalization via hyper conjugation. The phenomenon of hyperconjugation refers to donation of σ electrons into the partly vacant p orbital lobes of radical carbon. More will be number of σ orbital capable of donation of electrons more is the stabilization.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.2TIY Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.3E Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.5TIY Ch. 3.5 - Prob. 3.6E Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.7E Ch. 3.7 - Prob. 3.9TIY Ch. 3.9 - Prob. 3.11TIY Ch. 3.11 - Prob. 3.12E Ch. 3 - Prob. 15P Ch. 3 - Prob. 16P

Solution Summary: The author explains the nature of below alkyl radical along with names and most stable radical by orbital description.

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