Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The explanation for alanine which has different optical rotation in water,
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
Each solvent rotates the alanine molecule to a different angle due to the formation of different complex formation and so it gives rise to different optical rotation in different solvents.
Explanation of Solution
The structure of alanine is shown below.
Figure 1
Alanine is an optically active compound. It rotates the plane of polarized light. The reaction of alanine with water,
Figure 2
The optical rotation of alanine is measure by Circular Dichroism (CD). It involves circularly polarized light absorption. It measures the angle at which the plane-polarized light is rotated by the molecule. Each solvent rotates the alanine molecule to a different angle, due to this it gives rise to different optical rotation in different solvents.
The alanine has different optical rotation in water,
(b)
Interpretation:
The explanation for two known mono
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group,

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
Due to the presence of two amine groups in lysine molecule. It may undergo acetylation reaction from either side and form mono
Explanation of Solution
The structure of amino acid lysine is shown below.
Figure 3
The structure of the lysine molecule contains two amine group one at the
Figure 4
The two mono
(c)
Interpretation:
The explanation for fact that the peptide
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
The compound urea under basic conditions acts as a denaturation agent which breakdown the protein molecule bonding. Due to this, the peptide,
Explanation of Solution
The protein molecule is composed of four types of structure primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary. The enzyme trypsin hydrolyzes the peptide,
The peptide
(d)
Interpretation:
The explanation for the peptide containing cysteine on reaction with
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group,

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
The generation of lysine type molecule at the end of the reaction which is cleaved by trypsin enzyme. Due to this, the peptide containing cysteine on reaction with
Explanation of Solution
The structure of the cysteine molecule is shown below.
Figure 5
The same molecule in peptides exists as a disulfide bond. The disulfide bond of cysteine in the protein molecule is shown below.
Figure 6
When this protein molecule with a disulfide bond is treated with
Figure 7
The thiol group is then reacted with the aziridine molecule which results in the formation of a lysine type molecule. This reaction is shown below.
Figure 8
This lysine type molecule then reacts with trypsin enzyme which cleaves arginine and lysine molecule. Due to this, the trypsin enzyme reacts with the modified cysteine residues.
The peptide containing cysteine on reaction with
(e)
Interpretation:
The explanation for the formation of two separable methionine sulfoxides from the oxidation of
Concept introduction:
The amino acid is made of two functional groups an amine group,

Answer to Problem 27.61AP
The application of a certain amount of energy which converts one form to another form of structure. Due to this, the formation of two separable methionine sulfoxides from the oxidation of
Explanation of Solution
The structure of methionine is shown below.
Figure 9
The resonance structure of sulfoxides with two different groups is shown below.
Figure 10
The conversion of one structure to another structure at room temperature requires a certain amount of energy. Therefore, on the application of that amount of energy, the two forms of
Figure 11
The formation of two separable methionine sulfoxides from the oxidation of
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 27 Solutions
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SAPLING ACCESS + ETEX
- What is the stepwise mechanism for this reaction?arrow_forward32. Consider a two-state system in which the low energy level is 300 J mol 1 and the higher energy level is 800 J mol 1, and the temperature is 300 K. Find the population of each level. Hint: Pay attention to your units. A. What is the partition function for this system? B. What are the populations of each level? Now instead, consider a system with energy levels of 0 J mol C. Now what is the partition function? D. And what are the populations of the two levels? E. Finally, repeat the second calculation at 500 K. and 500 J mol 1 at 300 K. F. What do you notice about the populations as you increase the temperature? At what temperature would you expect the states to have equal populations?arrow_forward30. We will derive the forms of the molecular partition functions for atoms and molecules shortly in class, but the partition function that describes the translational and rotational motion of a homonuclear diatomic molecule is given by Itrans (V,T) = = 2πmkBT h² V grot (T) 4π²IKBT h² Where h is Planck's constant and I is molecular moment of inertia. The overall partition function is qmolec Qtrans qrot. Find the energy, enthalpy, entropy, and Helmholtz free energy for the translational and rotational modes of 1 mole of oxygen molecules and 1 mole of iodine molecules at 50 K and at 300 K and with a volume of 1 m³. Here is some useful data: Moment of inertia: I2 I 7.46 x 10- 45 kg m² 2 O2 I 1.91 x 101 -46 kg m²arrow_forward
- K for each reaction step. Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. HI HaC Drawing Arrows! H3C OCH3 H 4 59°F Mostly sunny H CH3 HO O CH3 'C' CH3 Select to Add Arrows CH3 1 L H&C. OCH3 H H H H Select to Add Arrows Q Search Problem 30 of 20 H. H3C + :0: H CH3 CH3 20 H2C Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forwardDraw the principal organic product of the following reaction.arrow_forwardCurved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided structures, draw the curved arrows that epict the mechanistic steps for the proton transfer between a hydronium ion and a pi bond. Draw any missing organic structures in the empty boxes. Be sure to account for all lone-pairs and charges as well as bond-breaking and bond-making steps. 2 56°F Mostly cloudy F1 Drawing Arrows > Q Search F2 F3 F4 ▷11 H. H : CI: H + Undo Reset Done DELLarrow_forward
- Calculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbons. Draw out the benzene ring structure when doing itarrow_forward1) Calculate the longest and shortest wavelengths in the Lyman and Paschen series. 2) Calculate the ionization energy of He* and L2+ ions in their ground states. 3) Calculate the kinetic energy of the electron emitted upon irradiation of a H-atom in ground state by a 50-nm radiation.arrow_forwardCalculate the ionization energy of He+ and Li²+ ions in their ground states. Thannnxxxxx sirrr Ahehehehehejh27278283-4;*; shebehebbw $+$;$-;$-28283773838 hahhehdvaarrow_forward
- Plleeaasseee solllveeee question 3 andd thankss sirr, don't solve it by AI plleeaasseee don't use AIarrow_forwardCalculate the chemical shifts in 13C and 1H NMR for 4-chloropropiophenone ? Write structure and label hydrogens and carbonsarrow_forwardPlease sirrr soollveee these parts pleaseeee and thank youuuuuarrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning

