The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence. Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:

The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.

A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:

The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.

A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:

The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.

A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 27, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:

The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.

A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

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Answer 5

Chapter 27, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:

The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.

A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Answer 6

Chapter 27, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:

The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.

A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Answer 7

Chapter 27, Problem 1E

Summary Introduction

To explain: The reason behind a single nucleotide deletion restoring the function of a protein-coding gene being interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.

Concept introduction: Mutation causes some permanent changes in the nucleotide sequence. When the mutation occurs, a single nucleotide in the nucleotide sequence is deleted. This is called point mutation. This leads to irreversible changes and alters the reading frame of the gene.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

A 4-nt insertion is the addition of four nucleotides to the sequence. This means that the addition of one codon and one nucleotide. This addition of a codon shifts the reading frame of the gene by one nucleotide. The proper reading frame is restored by deleting a nucleotide. The reading frame usually constitutes three nucleotides called codons. The deletion of a nucleotide restores the proper reading frame and the 4-nt insertion has one codon and one additional nucleotide. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene. The gene function cannot be restored if it is as given below:

The 4-nt insertion interrupts the codon of a function that determines the amino acid.
The 4-nt insertion creates codon amino acid that breaks the structure.
The 4-nt insertion introduced the stop codon earlier in the gene.
The 1-nt deletion occurs far from the 4-nt insertion.

A long sequence of frame-shifted codons is separated by the insertion and the deletion points, even though the reading frame was restored. Thus, the single nucleotide deletion restores the function of a protein-coding gene interrupted by the insertion of a 4-nt sequence.