Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 27, Problem 14RQ
What type of data is primarily used to determine the existence and appearance of early animal species?
- molecular data
- fossil data
- morphological data
- embryological development data
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Match the following:
Homologous Structure flippers of dolphins (mammals) and wings of penguins (birds)
Vestigial Structure using energy from the sun to create tissues
Producers evidence of past life
Analogous Structure opposable thumb in humans and other primates…
Explain how a cladistic classification for the vertebrates produces important regroupings of the traditional vertebrate taxa (refer to Figure 23.2). Why are Agnatha and Reptilia, as traditionally recognized, inconsistent with cladistic principles?
Make a table separating the animals based on the physical properties such as:
I. Presence or absence of a backbone II. Ability to breathe in air or water III. Cold or warm blooded IV. Carnivore, herbivore, or omnivore V. Presence or absence of hair/fur VI. Any other external structure such as horns
After that, construct a phylogenetic tree (example is on the picture I uploaded)
Chapter 27 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 27 - Figure 27.5 If a Hox 13 gene in a mouse was...Ch. 27 - Figure 27.6 Which of the following statements is...Ch. 27 - Figure 27.9 Which of the following statements...Ch. 27 - Which of the following is not a feature common to...Ch. 27 - During embryonic development, unique cell layers...Ch. 27 - Which of the following phenotypes would most...Ch. 27 - Which of the following organisms is most likely to...Ch. 27 - Which of the following is not possible? radially...Ch. 27 - An animal whose development is marked by radial...Ch. 27 - Consulting the modern phylogenetic tree of...
Ch. 27 - Which of the following is thought to be the most...Ch. 27 - As with the emergence of the Acoelomorpha phylum,...Ch. 27 - Which of the following periods is the earliest...Ch. 27 - What type of data is primarily used to determine...Ch. 27 - The time between 542-488 million years ago marks...Ch. 27 - Until recent discoveries suggested otherwise,...Ch. 27 - Plant life first appeared on land during which of...Ch. 27 - Approximately how many mass extinction events...Ch. 27 - Why might the evolution of specialized tissues be...Ch. 27 - Describe and give examples of how humans display...Ch. 27 - How have Hox genes contributed to the diversity of...Ch. 27 - Using the following terms, explain what...Ch. 27 - Explain some of the advantages brought about...Ch. 27 - Describe at least two major changes to the animal...Ch. 27 - How is it that morphological data alone might lead...Ch. 27 - Briefly describe at least two theories that...Ch. 27 - How is it that most if not all, of the extant...
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- Best on the phylogenetic tree shown here, which organisms are most closely related to dinosaurs and birds?arrow_forwardWhat is some evidence from phylogenetictree of hollowed bones and tufted feathersarrow_forwardAnswer the following questions about this phylogenetic tree. What animal represents the out group in this tree and why? What is the derived characteristic of the birds? What is the shared characteristic of 3 to 6? Which number represents the common ancestor of Ostriches and Hawks?arrow_forward
- Which of the following is the most likely organism to fossilize and be found in the fossil record? The earliest forms of bacteria A jellyfish with a soft body An octopus with a soft body A crustacean with a hard exoskeletonarrow_forwardPick two organisms from the cladogram below and make a claim about the evolutionary relationship between these organisms. Support your claim using evidence from the lesson and scientific reasoning about evolutionary relationships. Ray-finned fish Rodents Sharks Amphibians Primates & rabbits Crocodiles Birds Hair Eggs with shell Amniotic egg Four limbs Bony skeleton Vertebrae Image Source a relationship betwwen a shark and bird is a bony skeleton amitotic egg and four limbsarrow_forwardcreate a cladogram summarizing the phylogenetic relationships among the different Phyla. Take note that some characters may be secondarily lost during the evolution of these different. there is a photo of example of cladogram belowarrow_forward
- Analyze the phylogenetic tree specifically focusing on the four limbs and what are its relationship to the other groupsarrow_forwardYour age-dating put the age of the rocks you are examining in the early Devonian period. Because of this, you suspect that the vertebrate remains you found might belong to some of the earliest tetrapods (four-legged animals including land vertebrates) to walk the Earth. Examine the cladogram below. What is the sister group to the land vertebrates? Lampreys Sharks Lungfish Land vertebrates Tetrapoda Choanata Fingers and toes Osteichthyes Choanae Gnathostomata Bony ribs and shoulder girdie Vertobrata Jaws O Lampreys Vertebrae O Tetrapoda O Amphibians Lungfish Ray-finned fish Amphibiansarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is true about cladograms? Cladograms are used to show the organisms that are phenotypically different Cladograms are constructed to represent the sequence of events that took place in Earth Cladograms are used to show the sequence of organisms that arise on Earth Cladograms are used to represent the evolutionary relationships between groups of animalsarrow_forward
- Select all that apply: Which characteristics could be used to identify an unknown organism as an animal rather than a fungus or a plant? multicellular developmental stage called a blastula heterotrophic ingestion of food for internal digestion alternation of generations during life cycle presence of Hox genes in genome have cell wallsarrow_forwardHagfish Salamander Lizard Perch Mouse Chimp Pigeon Feathers Fur; mammary glands Claws or nails ungs Jaws Fig. 1. Cladogram on some vertebrates Related questions: 1. What is the synapomorhpy shared by the mouse and chimpanzee? Answer: 2. Specify the apomorphy of the pigeon. Answer: 3. Jaw is present to what taxa? Answer:arrow_forwardHow is the traditional animal family tree similar or different from the phylogeny reflecting molecular data?arrow_forward
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Phylogenetic Mysteries: Crash Course Zoology #12; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVaw7nF72Aw;License: Standard youtube license