Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 27, Problem 12TYU
Know and Comprehend
12. Which of the following statements about ferns is not true? (a) ferns have motile sperm cells that swim through water to the egg-containing archegonium (b) ferns are vascular plants (c) ferns are the most economically important group of
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Which of the following statements about ferns is not true? (a) ferns have motile sperm cells that swim through water to the egg-containing archegonium (b) ferns are vascular plants (c) ferns are the most economically important group of bryophytes (d) the fern sporophyte consists of a rhizome, roots, and fronds (e) the diversity of ferns is greatest in the tropics
Exercise II: Monilophyta
Part A: Ferns
The ferns differ from other seedless vascular plants in their possession of megaphylls,
larger leaves with multiple veins.
Examine the many living fern sporophytes. There is much diversity in megaphyll
morphology. (See also text Figures 17-23, 24, 26, and 36, pages 413, 414, 416, and 424).
Identify the frond, the rhizome, and the roots. Most fern fronds are compound, with the
blade divided into separate leaflets. If young leaves are present, notice how they unfold.
These young leaves are often called fiddleheads.
Examine the leaves for the presence of sporangia. Notice if they are grouped together in
sori (singular: sorus), distributed evenly over the lower surface of the leaf, or in other
patterns.
The sporangia of some species may be protected by specialized outgrowths of the leaf
called indusia (singular: indusium) (See text Figure 17-32, page 420).
6. Is the indusium diploid or haploid?.
Obtain a small square of a fern leaf with one associated…
Exercise II Bryophyta: The Mosses
Examine with the dissecting microscope the mosses that are available. The "leafy" plants
are the gametophytes and any elongated structures growing above them are the
sporophytes. (See text Figure 16-27, page 385.)
15. Label the following in Figure 5 below: spores, zygote, protonema, gametophyte,
meiosis, female, male, sporophyte, archegonia, sperm, sporangium.
Capsule
(n)
9
"Bud"
Mature
(2n)
Female
(n)
1n
2n
Young
sporophyte
(2n)
gametophyte
(n)
82
Antheridia
gametophyte
(n)
Embryo (2n)
water
E88
Female
-gametophyte
(n)
sperm
Fertilization
(2n)
Figure 5. Moss Life Cycle (drawn by Stephanie Preising, SCSU '20)
Obtain a gametophyte and observe its symmetry, its leaf like structures, its axis (pseudo-
stem), and is rhizoids. Some species of mosses are unisexual; others are bisexual.
The moss gametophyte originates as budlike structures that develop from a protonema
(plural: protonemata), a system of branching filaments derived from a germinating spore.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 27.1 - Discuss some environmental challenges of living on...Ch. 27.1 - Name the green algal group from which plants are...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2CCh. 27.1 - Prob. 3CCh. 27.1 - Prob. 4CCh. 27.2 - Summarize the features that distinguish bryophytes...Ch. 27.2 - Name and briefly describe the three phyla of...Ch. 27.2 - Describe the life cycle of mosses and compare...Ch. 27.2 - Prob. 1C
Ch. 27.2 - How are mosses, liverworts, and hornworts similar?...Ch. 27.3 - Discuss the features that distinguish seedless...Ch. 27.3 - Name and briefly describe the two phyla of...Ch. 27.3 - Describe the life cycle of ferns and compare their...Ch. 27.3 - Compare the generalized life cycles of homosporous...Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 1CCh. 27.3 - Prob. 2CCh. 27.3 - Which of the following are parts of the sporophyte...Ch. 27.3 - Why are whisk ferns and horsetails now classified...Ch. 27.3 - How does heterospory modify the plant life cycle?Ch. 27 - Plants probably descended from a group of green...Ch. 27 - Which of the following is not a characteristic of...Ch. 27 - In plant life cycles, (a) the first products of...Ch. 27 - The bryophytes (a) include mosses, liverworts, and...Ch. 27 - The waxy layer that covers aerial parts of plants...Ch. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - Know and Comprehend 8. The green,...Ch. 27 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 27 - Know and Comprehend 10. These plants have...Ch. 27 - Know and Comprehend 11. These plants have hollow,...Ch. 27 - Know and Comprehend 12. Which of the following...Ch. 27 - Apply and Analyze 13. VISUALIZE Draw a simple...Ch. 27 - Evaluate and Synthesize 14. EVOLUTION LINK How may...Ch. 27 - Evaluate and Synthesize 15. INTERPRET DATA...Ch. 27 - Evaluate and Synthesize 16. EVOLUTION LINK Where...
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- The waxy layer that covers aerial parts of plants is the (a) cuticle (b) archegonium (c) protonema (d) stoma (e) thallusarrow_forwardStomata (a) help prevent desiccation of plant tissues (b) transport water and minerals through plant tissues (c) allow gas exchange for photosynthesis (d) strengthen cell walls (e) produce male gametesarrow_forwardStem of sub-merged hydrophytes is soft and weak because of (a) the absence of phloem (b) the absence of stomata (c) the absence of xylem (d) feebly developed supporting tissue and xylemarrow_forward
- Evolutionary Developmentà VASCULAR TISSUE What is vascular tissue? Seedless Vascular Plants (vascular tissue, no seeds) How long ago do seedless vascular plants first appear in the fossil record? Name 2 types of seedless vascular plants that are extant: Evolutionary Developmentà SEEDS What is a seed? Seed Plants (vascular tissue, seeds) How long ago do seed plants first appear in the fossil record? There are 2 Types of Seed Plants: Gymnosperms Give 2 examples of modern plants that are gymnosperms: Angiosperms (flowering plants) Give 2 examples of modern plants that are angiosperms:arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding Know and Comprehend 5. Motile sperm cells are found as vestiges in these two gymnosperm groups: (a) monocots, eudicots (b) gnetophytes, conifers (c) gnetophytes, flowering plants (d) cycads, conifers (e) cycads, ginkgoarrow_forwardWhich feature(s) do ferns share with all other land plants? a. sporophyte and gametophyte life cycle stages b. gametophytes supported by a thallus c. dispersal of spores from a sorus d. asexual reproduction by way of gemmae e. water uptake by means of rhizoids.arrow_forward
- True or false: If false, state the right answer. 1. Heteromorphic plants produce male and female gametophytes. 2. A sporangium produces spores, no matter what group it is located. 4. In lycophytes, roots branch only at the growing tip of the root, forming a U-shaped structure. 5. Polytrichum moss greatly reduced the loss of oxygen by leaching in this ecosystem. 6. Most ferns are heterosporous, although the archegonia and the antheridia on the small photosynthetic gametophyte mature at different times ensuring cross fertilization. 7. Bryophyte rhizoids lack specialized absorptive cells and do not play a primary role in water and mineral absorption. 8. Plant spores are haploid reproductive cells that can grow into multicellular haploid gametophytes by meiosis. 9. The multicellular, dependent embryo of land plants is such a significant derived trait that land plants are also known as embryophytes. 10. Cells produced by apical meristems differentiate into the outer epidermis, which…arrow_forwardExercise II Bryophyta: The Mosses de Examine with the dissecting microscope the mosses that are available. The "leafy" plants are the gametophytes and any elongated structures growing above them are the sporophytes. (See text Figure 16-27, page 385.) 15. Label the following in Figure 5 below: spores, zygote, protonema, gametophyte, meiosis, female, male, sporophyte, archegonia, sperm, sporangium. € Capsule (n) Mature (2n) Female (n) 1n 2n Young sporophyte (2n) gametophyte (n) Antheridia gametophyte (n) 82 Embryo (2n) water Egg Female, gametophyte (n) sperm Fertilization (2n) Figure 5. Moss Life Cycle (drawn by Stephanie Preising, SCSU '20) Obtain a gametophyte and observe its symmetry, its leaf like structures, its axis (pseudo- stem), and is rhizoids. Some species of mosses are unisexual; others are bisexual. The moss gametophyte originates as budlike structures that develop from a protonema (plural: protonemata), a system of branching filaments derived from a germinating spore.arrow_forwardTo describe: The reason behind the small size of today's ferns, club mosses, and horsetails in comparison to their giant ancestors.arrow_forward
- IDENTIFICATION OF FERNS The objective of this practical is for you to identify the genus of true ferns (Phylum Polypodiophyta) based upon their leaf blade characteristics. Instruction: 1. Draw the FIVE named ferns below 2. Label and describe the leaf type and leaf arrangement of the species 3. Search a taxonomic key for ferns 4. Identify the species of the ferns and its Family by using the description from the taxonomic key (You may refer to any taxonomic keys from references, OR you may use either the two provided taxonomic keys, if the ferns are applicable) a) Salvinia sp (floating fern): Fronds round, fingertip-sized, bent in the middle; tiny hairs apparent upon close examination of the upper side; form loose mats b) Azolla sp (mosquito fern): Fronds irregularly branched, like flattened juniper twig c) Lygodium sp (climbing fern): Fronds 1" to 12" long; forms thick climbing mats d) Asplenium sp (bird's nest fern): Fronds flat, wavy or crinkly; forms a rosette e) Nephrolepis sp…arrow_forwardPostlab: Bryophytes, Seedless Vascular Plants & Gymnosperms 1. What is the conspicuous form of the bryophytes? Is this form haploid or diploid? 2. The part that produces the male gametes is called the....? 3. The part that produces the female gametes is called the... 4. Spores are produced by which cell division process? 5. What is the conspicuous form of the seedless vascular plants? Is it haploid or diploid? 6. What are microspores? Where are they produced in gymnosperms? 7. Megaspores give rise to which structure in gymnosperms? 8. How are most gymnosperms pollinate d? 9. In gymnosperms, the material that nourishes the embryo derives from what tissue? 10. How can you visually differentiate a male from a female cone in pines?arrow_forward11. The scales of pine cones are (a) always green. (b) modified roots. (c) modified leaves. (d) modified stems. 12. Plants that make flowers are called (a) gymnosperms. (b) byrophytes. (c) gametophytes. (d) angiosperms. 13. The class of plants that has vascular tissue and reproduces with spores is the (a) clubmosses. (b) liverworts. (c) flowering plants. (d) conifers. 14. The embryonic stem in a seed is called the (a) radicle. (b) hypocotyl. (c) seed cont. (d) endosperm. 15. Pollen contains (a) male gametes. (b) female gametes. (c) fruits. (d) a stigma.arrow_forward
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