Long strand of DNA have the higher melting temperature than a shorter one, the reason has to be explained. Concept Introduction: Composition of nucleic acid : Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Two nucleotides are joined by phosphate diester linkage where a free phosphate on 5’ carbon of one nucleotide and a free –OH group on 3’ carbon of another nucleotide is linked. Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions: one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction (complementary strand). The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior, is present that enhance the stability too. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds. Melting temperature of DNA: On Heating DNA, (the process of denaturing the strand) the strand is unfolded or uncoiled.

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Chapter 26.4, Problem 26.11KCP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Long strand of DNA have the higher melting temperature than a shorter one, the reason has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Composition of nucleic acid: Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Two nucleotides are joined by phosphate diester linkage where a free phosphate on 5’ carbon of one nucleotide and a free –OH group on 3’ carbon of another nucleotide is linked.

Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions: one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction (complementary strand). The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior, is present that enhance the stability too. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds.

Melting temperature of DNA: On Heating DNA, (the process of denaturing the strand) the strand is unfolded or uncoiled.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The higher melting point is for either DNA with high percentage of G – C base pairs or high percentage of A – T base pairs has to be accounted.

Concept Introduction:

Composition of nucleic acid: Nucleic acid is a polymer of nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group. Two nucleotides are joined by phosphate diester linkage where a free phosphate on 5’ carbon of one nucleotide and a free –OH group on 3’ carbon of another nucleotide is linked.

Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions: one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction (complementary strand). The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior, is present that enhance the stability too. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds.

Melting temperature of DNA: On Heating DNA, (the process of denaturing the strand) the strand is unfolded or uncoiled.

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