Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277726
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 26.2, Problem 8BYGO
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Glycolysis is the process of splitting of glucose molecules by glycolytic enzymes. It produces ATP for the immediate energy needs and it also forms two pyruvate molecules.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Thioesters play important roles in glycolysis and tca cycle. List which reactions involve thioesters.
Which statement best describes the reason why some of the reactions of glycolysis
cannot be run in reverse in gluconeogenesis?
1)
The last reactions occur in mitochondria and reactions there can never be
reversed.
2) Glycolysis includes isomerization reactions and these can never be reversed.
3)
There are some allaşteric enzymes and allosteric enzymes can never be
reversed.
4)
Some reactions have such large negative free energy changes that they can
never be reversed under cellular conditions.
O
The phosphorylation catalyzed by hexokinase is essentially an irreversible reaction. Which of the following statements is most likely to be true under cellular conditions? In all cases, note that dephosphorylation specifically refers to hydrolysis in which a phosphate is lost.
ATP dephosphorylation is more exergonic than glucose 6-phosphate dephosphorylation.
ATP dephosphorylation is less exergonic than glucose 6-phosphate dephosphorylation.
There is not enough information to determine which reaction is more exergonic.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.1 - Roles of the arcuate nucleus, neuropeptide YY, and...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.1 - Principal dietary sources of calories; the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 10AYLO
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 22AYLOCh. 26.1 - Type of lipoproteins found in the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 24AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 25AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 26AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 27AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 28AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 29AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 30AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 26.1 - What class of nutrients provides most of the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.2 - Function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in glucose...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.2 - Anaerobic fermentation and its primary purposeCh. 26.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.2 - The net ATP yield of glycolysis and aerobic...Ch. 26.2 - The efficiency of aerobic respiration and how to...Ch. 26.2 - How excess glucose is convened to glycogen; the...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 26.2 - What important enzyme is found in the inner...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 26.3 - What cells are primarily responsible for storing...Ch. 26.3 - The process of lipolysis including the hydrolysis...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.3 - How the liver produces ureaCh. 26.3 - Other nondigestive functions of the liverCh. 26.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.4 - When the body is in its postabsorptive state; what...Ch. 26.4 - Hormones that regulate the postabsorptive state,...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 26 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 26 - The lipoproteins that remove cholesterol from the...Ch. 26 - Which of the following is most likely to make you...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 26 - FAD is reduced to FADH2 in a. glycolysis. b....Ch. 26 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 26 - Synthesis of glucose from amino acids or...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 26 - The appetite hormones ghrelin, leptin, CCK, and...Ch. 26 - The brightly colored, iron-containing,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 26 - Most of the body's cholesterol comes from the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 26 - Chapter 17 defines and describes some hormone...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 26 - A Television advertisement proclaims. "Feeling...Ch. 26 - Explain why a patient whose liver has been...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Consider the total breakdown of the glycogen structure below. Assuming each glycosidic linkage can be broken down completely and the resulting products are fed through glycolytic metabolism. a) If this molecule was in your muscles, how many molecules of ATP would it generate through fermentation? how many molecules of lactate? b) If the same molecule was in your liver, but was instead fueling glycolysis in your brain, how many molecules of ATP would it generate for the brain through glycolysis? c) The lactate produced in (a) is then transported back to the liver from your muscles. There, it can be used to drive glucose synthesis (known as the Cori cycle). Assume all glucose from this lactate is then re-incorporated into newly synthesized glycogen. List the steps needed for this transformation in the liver and the amount of ATP equivalents it will consume (going from lactate). Also, identify a signaling pathway that would trigger its incorporation into new glycogen, instead of being…arrow_forwardConsider an alternative glycolysis pathway that starts with the phosphorylation of glucose to give glucose-6-phosphate. This (hypothetical) pathway exists in a (hypothetical) organism that does not express glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. Instead, the next step of this hypothetical pathway is a Glucose-6-Phosphate Aldolase. Draw the product or products that would be obtain by the reaction of Glucose – 6 – Phosphate with Glucose – 6 Phosphate Aldolase. Assume the reaction is completely irreversible. Explain in 1-3 sentences how you obtained your answerarrow_forwardTwo reactions are shown below. These reactions are directly coupled in cells by an enzyme called hexokinase, which is a key enzyme in glycolysis. It is generally the case that reactions that are directly coupled by enzymes share some common reactants. What is the net reaction when these two reactions are combined? Glucose + Inorganic Phosphate + ATP + Water → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP Glucose + ATP + Water → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP + Inorganic Phosphate Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + Inorganic Phosphate Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADParrow_forward
- In glycolysis, the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to pyruvate is considered irreversible. Yet, in gluconeogenesis, this "irreverisble" reaction is bypassed and pyruvate is eventually converted to PEP. Explain how gluconeogenesis bypasses this irreverisble reaction. Include the enzymes required to convert pyruvate to PEP + the intermediate that is created. Imagine a scenario where the PDH complex has picked up an "activating" mutation causing it to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA in an unregulated manner.There is way too much acetyl CoA than is actually necessary. Explain in a sentence or two how the body would compensate for thisarrow_forwardIn the first stage of glycolysis, fructose-1,6-bisphosphate iscleaved to form glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The latter molecule can then be converted to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Illustrate themechanisms whereby these reactions occurarrow_forwardIn the living cell, free energy made from one reaction can be used to drive another in an energetically unfavorable direction, provided the two reactions have a common intermediate (this is termed the principle of common intermediates). Example: In glycolysis, glucose is converted into pyruvate; in gluconeogenesis, pyruvate is converted into glucose. However, the actual AG for the formation of pyruvate from glucose is about -84 kJ/mol under typical cellular conditions. Most of the decrease in free energy in glycolysis takes place in three essentially irreversible steps catalyzed by, hexokinase, pyruvate kinase and phosphofructokinase. Using this example, (i) From gluconeogenesis, identify enzymes/steps that catalyze reactions that oppose/ bypass the irreversible steps of glycolysis (ii) Use one of the 3 opposing reactions (in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis) to demonstrate the PRINCIPLE OF COMMON INTERMEDIATESarrow_forward
- During gluconeogenesis, the three irreversible steps of glycolysis have to be bypassed. The first step is the conversion of pyruvate to phosphoenolpyruvate. Which of the following statement is false regarding the reaction step? Select one: a. Conversion of oxaloacetate from pyruvate occurs in mitochondria and shuttled into the cytosol. b. Formation of phosphoenolpyruvate requires both ATP and GTP as an energy source. c. Acetyl CoA is an activator of enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. d. This reaction involves two-step process catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinasearrow_forwardSuggest a name for an enzyme that catalyzes each of the following reactions. Oxidation of nitrite Decarboxylation of citrate Reduction of oxalatearrow_forwardYou have isolated a heterotrophic bacterium from the soil that has a mutation in the enzyme aldose, making it unable to produce glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, or hydroxyacetone monophosphate. What consequences would this have on glycolysis? What other metabolic pathway could it use to produce energy? .Why? Explain the route you chose.arrow_forward
- hexokinase catalyzes the first reaction of the glycolysis pathway. What may happen if there is xylose in the reaction place? Briefly explain.arrow_forwardgive a detailed overview of how tryglycerides are metabolized under aerobic conditions. note the steps involved and the specific reactants and products of each step.arrow_forwardWhy can't the reactions of glycolysis simply be run in reverse to synthesize glucose? Explain how this problem is overcome in gluconeogenesis.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Concepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College
Concepts of Biology
Biology
ISBN:9781938168116
Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise
Publisher:OpenStax College
Anaerobic Respiration; Author: Bozeman Science;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cDC29iBxb3w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY