Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259277726
Author: Kenneth S. Saladin Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 26, Problem 7WWTS
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The mitochondria has two membranes, one is outer mitochondrial membrane and the other one is inner mitochondrial membrane, between these two membranes there is a mitochondrial membrane space. Mitochondrial matrix is present inside the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 are synthesis in cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix through the glycolysis and Krebs cycle.
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Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: Present two types of benefits derived from separating the reactions of glycolysis in the cytosol from those that occur during the citric acid cycle in the mitochondrion.
Although the outer mitochondrial membrane is permeable to all small molecules, the inner mitochondrial membrane is essentially impermeable in the absence of specific transport proteins. Consider this information answer: The ATP generated by oxidative respiration is used throughout the cell. The majority of ATP production occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. How do you think ATP is made accessible to enzymes in the cytosol and other organelles?
Cyanide is a toxic substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome coxidase enzyme that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen.
Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide?
How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly.
.Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.
Chapter 26 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.1 - Roles of the arcuate nucleus, neuropeptide YY, and...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.1 - Principal dietary sources of calories; the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 10AYLO
Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 11AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 12AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 13AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 14AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 15AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 16AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 17AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 18AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 19AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 20AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 21AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 22AYLOCh. 26.1 - Type of lipoproteins found in the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 24AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 25AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 26AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 27AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 28AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 29AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 30AYLOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 1BYGOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 2BYGOCh. 26.1 - What class of nutrients provides most of the...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 4BYGOCh. 26.1 - Prob. 5BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.2 - Function of the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD in glucose...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.2 - Anaerobic fermentation and its primary purposeCh. 26.2 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.2 - The net ATP yield of glycolysis and aerobic...Ch. 26.2 - The efficiency of aerobic respiration and how to...Ch. 26.2 - How excess glucose is convened to glycogen; the...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 6BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 7BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 8BYGOCh. 26.2 - Prob. 9BYGOCh. 26.2 - What important enzyme is found in the inner...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 11BYGOCh. 26.3 - What cells are primarily responsible for storing...Ch. 26.3 - The process of lipolysis including the hydrolysis...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.3 - How the liver produces ureaCh. 26.3 - Other nondigestive functions of the liverCh. 26.3 - Prob. 12BYGOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 13BYGOCh. 26.3 - Prob. 14BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.4 - When the body is in its postabsorptive state; what...Ch. 26.4 - Hormones that regulate the postabsorptive state,...Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 15BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 16BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 17BYGOCh. 26.4 - Prob. 18BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 3AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 4AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 5AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 6AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 7AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 8AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 9AYLOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 19BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 20BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 21BYGOCh. 26.5 - Prob. 22BYGOCh. 26 - Prob. 1TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 2TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 3TYRCh. 26 - The lipoproteins that remove cholesterol from the...Ch. 26 - Which of the following is most likely to make you...Ch. 26 - Prob. 6TYRCh. 26 - FAD is reduced to FADH2 in a. glycolysis. b....Ch. 26 - Prob. 8TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 9TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 10TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 11TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 12TYRCh. 26 - Synthesis of glucose from amino acids or...Ch. 26 - Prob. 14TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 15TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 16TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 17TYRCh. 26 - The appetite hormones ghrelin, leptin, CCK, and...Ch. 26 - The brightly colored, iron-containing,...Ch. 26 - Prob. 20TYRCh. 26 - Prob. 1BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 2BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 3BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 4BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 5BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 6BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 7BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 8BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 9BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 10BYMVCh. 26 - Prob. 1WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 2WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 3WWTSCh. 26 - Most of the body's cholesterol comes from the...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 6WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 7WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 8WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 9WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 10WWTSCh. 26 - Prob. 1TYCCh. 26 - Chapter 17 defines and describes some hormone...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3TYCCh. 26 - A Television advertisement proclaims. "Feeling...Ch. 26 - Explain why a patient whose liver has been...
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- The rate of oxygen consumption by mitochondria increases markedly when ADP is added and then returns to its initial value when the added ADP has been converted into ATP (Figure 18.39). Why does the rate decrease?arrow_forwardCyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen.Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide?How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly.. Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.arrow_forwardThe inner mitochondrial membrane normally O is virtually impermeable to hydrogen ions (protons). encompasses the F1 subunit of the ATP synthase. is permeable to NADH and NAD+. contains enzymes responsible for two of the chemical reactions that take place as part of glycolysis.arrow_forward
- ATP synthesis in mitochondria requires all of the following EXCEPT (select two answers) a hydrogen ion concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane the oxidation of dinucleotide molecules that act as electron carriers fermentation of pyruvate into lactate to regenerate NAD+ the reduction O2, forming H2O the breakdown of glucosearrow_forwardDraw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large mitochondrial trans-membrane protein complexes representing complex I, II, III, and IV, and ATP Synthase. Label your diagrams with the correct names for the membranes, Make two more of these drawings. Label the first one mitochondrial electron source and using a different ink color, indicate the source(s) of electrons. Label the second mitochondrial energy source, and indicate the source of energy driving the electron transport chain. In the third, label the mitochondrial electron acceptor in its proper position. Also include ATP synthase (in its correct orientation-the spherical part is on the opposite side of the membrane as the H+ reservoir). Use a different color of ink to show where the protons (H+) are pumped to drive ATP synthesis. also indicate where ATP is generated and were the power is stored to generate ATP. NOW, do the same thing with chloroplasts. Draw and label a lipid bilayer containing the large photosynthetic…arrow_forwardH+ flow down their gradient from the intermembrane space into the mitochondrial matrix through _____________, the smallest known rotary motor, to make _____________. the electron transport chain; ATP ATP synthase; ATP the electron transport chain; NADH ATP synthase; O2arrow_forward
- To examine: Whether the statement, "The three respiratory enzyme complexes in the mitochondrial inner membrane tend to associate with each other in ways that facilitate the correct transfer of electrons between appropriate complexes.", is true or false.arrow_forwardThe glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle can transport cytosolic NADH equivalents into the mitochondrial matrix (see Fig. 15.11c). In this shuttle, the protons and electrons are donated to FAD, which is reduced to FADH₂. These protons and electrons are subsequently donated to coenzyme Q in the electron transport chain. End of Chapter Problem 86a How much ATP is generated per mole of glucose when the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle is used? (Tolerance is +/- 2%) ATP are generated per glucose.arrow_forwardAbout 30 ATP are produced per glucose molecule oxidized. What would happen to the yield of ATP per glucose if the mitochondrial inner membrane suddenly became leakier? Why? What protein makes the inner-membrane leakier?arrow_forward
- If electron flow through the ETC stops, what happens to the proton gradient across the mitochondrial inner membrane and How does the effect that cyanide has on the proton gradient (above) in turn affect ATP synthesis?arrow_forwardThe proton-motive force is a measure of the potential energy generated across the mitochondrial inner membrane during electron transport. Explain the factors that constitute this potential energy, that will be converted to the chemical energy of ATP by the cellarrow_forwardADP and inorganic phosphate are provided for oxidative phosphorylation via an: ADP-ATP antiport and a proton-phosphate symport in the inner mitochondrial membrane. ADP-ATP antiport and a proton-phosphate symport in the outer mitochondrial membrane. O ADP-ATP antiport in the inner mitochondrial membrane and a phosphate uniport in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. ADP-phosphate symport in the inner mitochondrial membrane.arrow_forward
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