Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781133939146
Author: Katz, Debora M.
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 25, Problem 69PQ
(a)
To determine
The magnitude of electric field at the center of the sphere.
(b)
To determine
The magnitude of electric field at
(c)
To determine
The magnitude of electric field at
(d)
To determine
The magnitude of electric field at
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Question B3
Consider the following FLRW spacetime:
t2
ds² = -dt² +
(dx²
+ dy²+ dz²),
t2
where t is a constant.
a)
State whether this universe is spatially open, closed or flat.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Hubble factor H(t), and represent it in a (roughly drawn) plot as a function
of time t, starting at t = 0.
[3 marks]
c) Taking galaxy A to be located at (x, y, z) = (0,0,0), determine the proper distance to galaxy
B located at (x, y, z) = (L, 0, 0). Determine the recessional velocity of galaxy B with respect
to galaxy A.
d) The Friedmann equations are
2
k
8πG
а
4πG
+
a²
(p+3p).
3
a
3
[5 marks]
Use these equations to determine the energy density p(t) and the pressure p(t) for the
FLRW spacetime specified at the top of the page.
[5 marks]
e) Given the result of question B3.d, state whether the FLRW universe in question is (i)
radiation-dominated, (ii) matter-dominated, (iii) cosmological-constant-dominated, or (iv)
none of the previous. Justify your answer.
f)
[5 marks]
A conformally…
SECTION B
Answer ONLY TWO questions in Section B
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-B sub question.]
Question B1
Consider the line element
where w is a constant.
ds²=-dt²+e2wt dx²,
a) Determine the components of the metric and of the inverse metric.
[2 marks]
b) Determine the Christoffel symbols. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[10 marks]
c)
Write down the geodesic equations.
[5 marks]
d) Show that e2wt it is a constant of geodesic motion.
[4 marks]
e)
Solve the geodesic equations for null geodesics.
[4 marks]
Page 2
SECTION A
Answer ALL questions in Section A
[Expect to use one single-sided A4 page for each Section-A sub question.]
Question A1
SPA6308 (2024)
Consider Minkowski spacetime in Cartesian coordinates th
=
(t, x, y, z), such that
ds² = dt² + dx² + dy² + dz².
(a) Consider the vector with components V" = (1,-1,0,0). Determine V and V. V.
(b) Consider now the coordinate system x' (u, v, y, z) such that
u =t-x,
v=t+x.
[2 marks]
Write down the line element, the metric, the Christoffel symbols and the Riemann curvature
tensor in the new coordinates. [See the Appendix of this document.]
[5 marks]
(c) Determine V", that is, write the object in question A1.a in the coordinate system x'. Verify
explicitly that V. V is invariant under the coordinate transformation.
Question A2
[5 marks]
Suppose that A, is a covector field, and consider the object
Fv=AAμ.
(a) Show explicitly that F is a tensor, that is, show that it transforms appropriately under a
coordinate transformation.
[5 marks]
(b)…
Chapter 25 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 25.1 - a. List all the uppercase letters that have the...Ch. 25.2 - The terms electric force, electric field, and...Ch. 25.2 - Prob. 25.3CECh. 25.3 - Which of the following expressions are correct...Ch. 25.3 - Find the electric flux through the three Gaussian...Ch. 25.4 - Prob. 25.6CECh. 25.7 - Is it possible for the charged solid sphere in...Ch. 25 - Which word or name has the same symmetry as the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 2PQCh. 25 - Prob. 3PQ
Ch. 25 - Prob. 4PQCh. 25 - Prob. 5PQCh. 25 - Prob. 6PQCh. 25 - A positively charged sphere and a negatively...Ch. 25 - A circular hoop of radius 0.50 m is immersed in a...Ch. 25 - Prob. 9PQCh. 25 - If the hemisphere (surface C) in Figure 25.10...Ch. 25 - A Ping-Pong paddle with surface area 3.80 102 m2...Ch. 25 - Prob. 12PQCh. 25 - A pyramid has a square base with an area of 4.00...Ch. 25 - Prob. 14PQCh. 25 - Prob. 15PQCh. 25 - A circular loop with radius r is rotating with...Ch. 25 - A circular loop with radius r is rotating with...Ch. 25 - Prob. 18PQCh. 25 - What is the net electric flux through each of the...Ch. 25 - Prob. 20PQCh. 25 - The colored regions in Figure P25.21 represent...Ch. 25 - Prob. 22PQCh. 25 - Prob. 23PQCh. 25 - Three particles and three Gaussian surfaces are...Ch. 25 - A Using Gausss law, find the electric flux through...Ch. 25 - Three point charges q1 = 2.0 nC, q2 = 4.0 nC, and...Ch. 25 - Prob. 27PQCh. 25 - A very long, thin wire fixed along the x axis has...Ch. 25 - Figure P25.29 shows a wry long tube of inner...Ch. 25 - Two very long, thin, charged rods lie in the same...Ch. 25 - Prob. 31PQCh. 25 - Two long, thin rods each have linear charge...Ch. 25 - Figure P25.33 shows a very long, thick rod with...Ch. 25 - A very long line of charge with a linear charge...Ch. 25 - Two infinitely long, parallel lines of charge with...Ch. 25 - An infinitely long wire with uniform linear charge...Ch. 25 - Prob. 37PQCh. 25 - Prob. 38PQCh. 25 - Prob. 39PQCh. 25 - Prob. 40PQCh. 25 - Two uniform spherical charge distributions (Fig....Ch. 25 - FIGURE P25.41 Problems 41 and 42. Two uniform...Ch. 25 - The nonuniform charge density of a solid...Ch. 25 - Prob. 44PQCh. 25 - What is the magnitude of the electric field just...Ch. 25 - Prob. 46PQCh. 25 - The infinite sheets in Figure P25.47 are both...Ch. 25 - Prob. 48PQCh. 25 - Prob. 49PQCh. 25 - Prob. 50PQCh. 25 - A very large, flat slab has uniform volume charge...Ch. 25 - FIGURE P25.41 Problems 51 and 52. Find the surface...Ch. 25 - Prob. 53PQCh. 25 - Prob. 54PQCh. 25 - If the magnitude of the surface charge density of...Ch. 25 - A spherical conducting shell with a radius of...Ch. 25 - A charged rod is placed in the center along the...Ch. 25 - A charged rod is placed in the center along the...Ch. 25 - A thick spherical conducting shell with an inner...Ch. 25 - A thick spherical conducting shell with an inner...Ch. 25 - A rectangular plate with sides 0.60 m and 0.40 m...Ch. 25 - Prob. 62PQCh. 25 - Prob. 63PQCh. 25 - A uniform spherical charge distribution has a...Ch. 25 - A rectangular surface extends from x = 0 to x =...Ch. 25 - A uniform electric field E = 1.57 104 N/C passes...Ch. 25 - A solid plastic sphere of radius R1 = 8.00 cm is...Ch. 25 - Examine the summary on page 780. Why are...Ch. 25 - Prob. 69PQCh. 25 - Prob. 70PQCh. 25 - Prob. 71PQCh. 25 - A coaxial cable is formed by a long, straight wire...Ch. 25 - Prob. 73PQCh. 25 - Prob. 74PQCh. 25 - A solid sphere of radius R has a spherically...Ch. 25 - A solid sphere of radius R has a spherically...Ch. 25 - A very large, horizontal conducting square plate...Ch. 25 - Prob. 78PQCh. 25 - A particle with charge q = 7.20 C is surrounded by...Ch. 25 - A sphere with radius R has a charge density given...
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