Chapter 25, Problem 19QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural formulas are to be represented for the given organic compounds.

Concept introduction:

The structural formula of a chemical compound consists of the graphic representation of the molecular structure and arrangement of the atoms.

Compound contains chemical bonding between the atoms or molecule.

In the compound, lines are used in the bonded atoms.

Alkanes are organic compounds containing single bonds only. An alkane can be a linear or a branched chain. Branched chain alkanes contain substituents and are named by selecting the longest chain.

The longest chain is termed as the parent chain, which is then numbered from the end that the substituted carbons get a lower number. The name and number of substituents are then prefixed to the name of the parent chain.

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from that end which is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents, they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name.

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.