Chapter 25, Problem 10QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The names of the given structures are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The longest chain is termed as the parent chain, which is then numbered from the end that the substituted carbons get a lower number. The name and number of substituents are then prefixed to the name of the parent chain.

In chemical nomenclature, the IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry is a systematic method of naming organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC)

The parent chain is the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms.

The parent chain is numbered from that end which is closest to the substituent.

If the same substituent occurs more than once, the location of each point on which the substituent occurs is given.

If there are two or more different substituents they are listed in alphabetical order using the base name

The name of the alkane is derived from the parent chain with a prefix of the substituent along with their position on the chain.

For naming, the parent chain, which is the longest carbon chain in the given structure, has to be chosen.

This chain is then numbered from one end in such a way that the functional group gets the smallest possible number.

Thereafter, the name is written including the name and number of substituents. The substituents are written with their number in alphabetical order followed by the name of the parent chain and then the functional group as a suffix.

The suffix –olis used for the alcohol group.

The suffix –al is used for the aldehyde group.

The suffix –one is used for the ketone group.

The –e ending of an alkane is replaced by –amine for amine functional group.

The suffix amide is then added for the amide group.

The suffix -oate is used for the ester.