Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134156415
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 24.3, Problem 16CYU
In the kidneys, tubular secretion of a substance usually results in its excretion as well. Explain the difference between excretion (defined in the chapter The Human Body: An OrientationChapter 1) and tubular secretion.
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 24 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology (6th Edition)
Ch. 24.1 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 24.1 - From inside to outside, list the three layers of...Ch. 24.1 - The lumen of the ureter is continuous with a space...Ch. 24.2 - Name the tubular components of a nephron in the...Ch. 24.2 - What are the structural differences between...Ch. 24.2 - What type of capillaries are the glomerular...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 24.3 - In the kidneys, tubular secretion of a substance...Ch. 24.4 - Extrinsic and intrinsic controls of GFR serve two...Ch. 24.4 - Calculate net filtration pressure given the...
Ch. 24.4 - Which of the pressures that determine NFP is...Ch. 24.5 - In which part of the nephron does most...Ch. 24.5 - How does the movement of Na+ drive the...Ch. 24.5 - MAKING conections Primary and secondary active...Ch. 24.6 - List several substances that are secreted into the...Ch. 24.7 - Describe the special characteristics of the...Ch. 24.7 - Under what conditions is ADH released from the...Ch. 24.8 - What would you expect the normal clearance value...Ch. 24.8 - What are the three major nitrogenous wastes...Ch. 24.9 - A kidney stone blocking a ureter would interfere...Ch. 24.9 - What is the trigone of the bladder, and which...Ch. 24.9 - Name the three regions of the male urethra.Ch. 24.9 - How does the detrusor respond to increased firing...Ch. 24.9 - MAKING connections Compare the structure and...Ch. 24 - The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous...Ch. 24 - The glomerular capillaries differ from other...Ch. 24 - Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first...Ch. 24 - Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted...Ch. 24 - Glucose is not normally found in the urine because...Ch. 24 - Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related...Ch. 24 - Tubular reabsorption (a) of glucose and many other...Ch. 24 - If a freshly voided urine sample contains...Ch. 24 - Conditions such as diabetes mellitus and...Ch. 24 - Which of the following is/are true about ADH? (a)...Ch. 24 - What is the importance of the perirenal fat...Ch. 24 - Trace the pathway a creatinine molecule takes from...Ch. 24 - Explain the important differences between blood...Ch. 24 - Describe the mechanisms that contribute to renal...Ch. 24 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 24 - Describe what is involved in active and passive...Ch. 24 - Explain how the peritubular capillaries are...Ch. 24 - Explain the process and purpose of tubular...Ch. 24 - How does aldosterone modify the chemical...Ch. 24 - Explain why the filtrate becomes hypotonic as it...Ch. 24 - How does urinary bladder anatomy support its...Ch. 24 - Define micturition and describe the micturition...Ch. 24 - Lets return to Kyle Boulard, whom we met in the...Ch. 24 - Lets return to Kyle Boulard, whom we met in the...Ch. 24 - Lets return to Kyle Boulard, whom we met in the...Ch. 24 - Lets return to Kyle Boulard, whom we met in the...Ch. 24 - Lets return to Kyle Boulard, whom we met in the...Ch. 24 - Lets return to Kyle Boulard, whom we met in the...Ch. 24 - Lets return to Kyle Boulard, whom we met in the...
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- Select a diet and give a summary of the main components. Do a web search of the diet and choose one link that provides misinformation. Explain why the site itself and/or the information on the site is not credible. This should be a report. This site should be different from U.S News and World Report. For full credit, you must include the following information and elaborate in detail: The diet name The main components of the diet The misinformation website and link What misinformation is being provided in the other website and how did you determine it was not credible?arrow_forward1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.arrow_forward2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…arrow_forward
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