The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown. Concept introduction: Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide . Markovnikov’s rule: In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.55QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Please choose the best reagents to complete the following reaction

Problem 6-17 Look at the following energy diagram: Energy Reaction progress (a) Is AG for the reaction positive or negative? Label it on the diagram. (b) How many steps are involved in the reaction? (c) How many transition states are there? Label them on the diagram. Problem 6-19 What is the difference between a transition state and an intermediate? Problem 6-21 Draw an energy diagram for a two-step reaction with Keq > 1. Label the overall AG°, transition states, and intermediate. Is AG° positive or negative? Problem 6-23 Draw an energy diagram for a reaction with Keq = 1. What is the value of AG° in this reaction?

Problem 6-37 Draw the different monochlorinated constitutional isomers you would obtain by the radical chlorination of the following compounds. (b) (c) Problem 6-39 Show the structure of the carbocation that would result when each of the following alkenes reacts with an acid, H+. (a) (b) (c)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.55QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.55QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 24, Problem 24.55QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

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Answer 5

Chapter 24, Problem 24.55QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 6

Chapter 24, Problem 24.55QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 7

Chapter 24, Problem 24.55QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall addition reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 8

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 9

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

Addition of bromine across the double bond in the presence of Lewis catalyst undergoes addition reaction leads to formation of products.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 10

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 11

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The formation of given compound from 3-methyl-1-butyne has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Addition reaction: Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide (Or)

Hydrogenation of alkene: Addition of hydrogen molecule across the double bond in presence of catalyst undergoes hydrogenation of alkene.

Markovnikov’s rule:

In the overall reaction, the hydrogen atom (electrophile) is bonded to least substituted carbon and nucleophile is bonded to the most substituted carbon. This is known as Markovnikov’s rule.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 24.2 - How many structural isomers are there in the...Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 2PE Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 3PE Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 4PE Ch. 24.2 - Prob. 1RCF Ch. 24.2 - For which of the following compounds are cis-trans...Ch. 24.3 - Prob. 1RCF Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 5PE Ch. 24.4 - Prob. 1RCF Ch. 24 - Prob. 24.1QP

Solution Summary: The author explains how Alkene reacts with polar reagent (HBr, HCl) across the double bond, leads to the product of alkyl halide.

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Chapter 24 Solutions