Concept explainers
Videos
Name the following compounds:
- (a) CH3─C≡C─CH2─CH3
a)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hypen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is PENTANE. The Suffix ‘ane’ represents the structure contains only single bonds.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 2 one methyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing one substituents, then prefix ‘2-methyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 2-methylpentane.
b)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hypen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is PENTANE. The Suffix ‘ane’ represents the structure contains only single bonds.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 2, 3, and 4 one methyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing three identical substituents, then prefix ‘2,3,4-trimethyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 2,3,4-trimethylpentane.
c)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains six carbons and the parent name is HEXANE. The Suffix ‘ane’ represents the structure contains only single bonds.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 3 one ethyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing one substituent, then prefix ‘3-ethyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 3-ethylhexane.
d)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name by replacing ‘ane’ to ‘ene’. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is 1,4-PENTDIENE. The Suffix ‘diene’ represents the structure contains two double bonds at C-1 and C-4.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 3 one methyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing one substituent, then prefix ‘3-methyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 3-methyl-1,4-pentadiene.
e)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name by replacing ‘ane’ to ‘yne’. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hypen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is PENT-2-YNE. The Suffix ‘2-yne’ represents the structure contains one triple bond at C-2.
Predict substituents and its location:
No substituents present and no prefix can be written. Hence, the name is,
IUPAC name: Pent-2-yne.
f)
Interpretation:
The given structure has to be named.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature for alkene:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the double bond should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name by replacing ‘ane’ to ‘ene’. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hypen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
Geometric isomers of Alkenes:
Cis-isomer: When two particular atoms (group of atoms) are adjacent to each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer.
Trans-isomer: When two particular atoms (group of atoms) are across from each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer.
Explanation of Solution
Given structure:
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The longest continuous carbon chain of carbon atoms contains five carbons and the parent name is PENT-1-ENE. The Suffix ‘1-ene’ represents the structure contains one double bond at C-1.
Predict substituents and its location:
At each Carbon of 3 one phenyl group is present. Hence, the structure containing one substituent, then prefix ‘3-phenyl’ is added before the parent name. Hyphen separates the number that the substituent attached with carbon.
IUPAC name: 3-phenylpent-1-ene.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 24 Solutions
CHEMISTRY (LOOSELEAF) >CUSTOM<
- Using wedge-and-dash bonds, modify the bonds on the chiral carbon in the molecule below so the molecule has R stereochemical configuration. NH H Br X टेarrow_forwardProvide photos of models of the following molecules. (Include a key for identification of the atoms) 1,2-dichloropropane 2,3,3-trimethylhexane 2-bromo-3-methybutanearrow_forwardPlease draw the structure in the box that is consistent with all the spectral data and alphabetically label all of the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. The integrations are computer generated and approximate the number of equivalent protons. Molecular formula: C13H1802 14 13 12 11 10 11 (ppm) Structure with assigned H peaks 2.08 3.13arrow_forward
- A 0.10 M solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5) is titrated with a 0.0250 M solution of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). If 10.0 mL of the acid solution is titrated with 10.0 mL of the base solution, what is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forwardFirefly luciferin exhibits three rings. Identify which of the rings are aromatic. Identify which lone pairs are involved in establishing aromaticity. The lone pairs are labeled A-D below.arrow_forwardA 0.10 M solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5) is titrated with a 0.0250 M solution of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). If 10.0 mL of the acid solution is titrated with 10.0 mL of the base solution, what is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forward
- Given a complex reaction with rate equation v = k1[A] + k2[A]2, what is the overall reaction order?arrow_forwardPlease draw the structure in the box that is consistent with all the spectral data and alphabetically label all of the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. The integrations are computer generated and approximate the number of equivalent protons. Molecular formula: C13H1802 14 13 12 11 10 11 (ppm) Structure with assigned H peaks 2.08 3.13arrow_forwardCHEMICAL KINETICS. One of the approximation methods for solving the rate equation is the steady-state approximation method. Explain what it consists of.arrow_forward
- CHEMICAL KINETICS. One of the approximation methods for solving the rate equation is the limiting or determining step approximation method. Explain what it consists of.arrow_forwardCHEMICAL KINETICS. Indicate the approximation methods for solving the rate equation.arrow_forwardTRANSMITTANCE เบบ Please identify the one structure below that is consistent with the 'H NMR and IR spectra shown and draw its complete structure in the box below with the protons alphabetically labeled as shown in the NMR spectrum and label the IR bands, including sp³C-H and sp2C-H stretch, indicated by the arrows. D 4000 OH LOH H₂C CH3 OH H₂C OCH3 CH3 OH 3000 2000 1500 HAVENUMBERI-11 1000 LOCH3 Draw your structure below and label its equivalent protons according to the peak labeling that is used in the NMR spectrum in order to assign the peaks. Integrals indicate number of equivalent protons. Splitting patterns are: s=singlet, d=doublet, m-multiplet 8 3Hb s m 1Hd s 3Hf m 2Hcd 2Had 1He 鄙视 m 7 7 6 5 4 3 22 500 T 1 0arrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY