Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
The structure of the
Concept introduction:
- The longest continuous ring of carbon atoms is identified. The prefix is added with ‘cyclo’.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
a)
Explanation of Solution
Given name: cyclopentane
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The parent name is CYCLOPENTANE represent the continuous ring of carbon atoms contains five carbons. The Suffix ‘ane’ represents the structure contains only single bonds.
Predict substituents and its location:
No prefix available before the parent name pentane, thus, the structure has no substituents located at any carbon atoms.
Therefore, the structure is
b)
Interpretation:
The structure of cis-2-butene has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature of
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
Geometric isomers of Alkenes:
Cis-isomer: When two particular atoms (identical group of atoms) are adjacent (on same side) to each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer.
Trans-isomer: When two particular atoms (identical group of atoms) are opposite from each other, the alkene is known as trans-isomer.
b)
Explanation of Solution
Given name: cis-2-butene
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The parent name is BUTENE represent the longest chain of carbon atoms contains four carbons. The Suffix ‘ene’ represents presence of double bond at C-2.
Predict substituents and its location:
No prefix available before the parent name pentane, thus, the structure has no substituents located at any carbon atoms. The term ‘cis-’ indicates two hydrogen atoms are located adjacent to each other on same side.
Therefore, the structure is
c)
Interpretation:
The structure of 2-hexanol has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature of alkanes:
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
c)
Explanation of Solution
Given name: 2-hexanol
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The parent name is HEXANOL represent the longest chain of carbon atoms contains six carbons. The Suffix ‘ol’ represents presence of hydroxy group –OH at C-2.
Predict substituents and its location:
The prefix ‘2-‘represent the presence of hydroxy group at C-2.
Therefore, the structure is
d)
Interpretation:
The structure of 1,4-dibromobenzene has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature of
- The parent compound of aromatic compound is Benzene.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the aromatic ring.
- While numbering the parent, the location of the second group relative to the first substituent uses prefixes like o-ortho (1,2-), m-meta (1,3-), and p-para (1,4) in disubstituted aromatic ring.
d)
Explanation of Solution
Given name: 1,4-dibromobenzene
Predict the parent structure:
The parent name is BENZENE represent the continuous ring of carbon atoms contains six carbons with alternative double bonds.
Predict substituents and its location:
The prefix ‘1, 4-dibromo’ indicates the presence of two identical bromine atom located at C-1 and C-4.
Therefore, the structure is
e)
Interpretation:
The structure of 2-butyne has to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
IUPAC Nomenclature of
- The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified. The suffix is added replaced with ‘yne’.
- The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
- While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
- Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.
e)
Explanation of Solution
Given name: 2-butyne
Predict the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms:
The parent name is BUTYNE represent the longest chain of carbon atoms contains four carbons. The Suffix ‘yne’ represents the structure contains only one triple bonds at C-2.
Predict substituents and its location:
No prefix available before the parent name pentane, thus, the structure has no substituents located at any carbon atoms.
Therefore, the structure is
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