Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134433769
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 23.3, Problem 2CC
Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a major role in the evolution of novel morphological forms?
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What is trichomacy in primates and why is this considered a beneficial mutation?
How, specifically, is the concept of ALLOMETRY relevant to the phylogenetic position of Homo
floresiensis?
Because if allometry explains the anatomy of Homo floresiensis then we can conclude that it is not
separate species but instead a member of our species.
Although most mammals on islands go through a process of getting smaller, Homo floresiensis evolved from
a smaller ancestor to be bigger, meaning that allometry is an important factor.
Mutations in the allometry allele are associated with many of the characteristics of Homo floresiensis.
Because Homo floresiensis is so much smaller than other members of the genus Homo, it is important to
determine how shape changes associated with smaller size impacted the species.
Because Homo floresiensis had both small- and large-bodied forms, variation within the species is in large
part dictated by allometry.
If mutations such as those of the Ubx gene can drastically change morphology in a single step, why do most evolutionary biologists maintain that modification of existingtraits and the evolution of novel characters have generally proceeded by successive small steps?
Chapter 23 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus, Books a la Carte Edition; Modified Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - ValuePack Access Card - for Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 23.1 - Your measurements indicate that a fossilized skull...Ch. 23.1 - Describe an example from the fossil record that...Ch. 23.1 - WHAT IF? What might a fossil record of life today...Ch. 23.1 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.2 - Explain the consequences of plate tectonics for...Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23.2 - What factors promote adaptive radiations?Ch. 23.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 23.3 - Explain how new body forms can originate by...Ch. 23.3 - Why is it likely that Hox genes have played a...
Ch. 23.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Given that changes in morphology...Ch. 23.4 - How can the Darwinian concept of descent with...Ch. 23.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 23 - Which factor most likely caused animals and plants...Ch. 23 - Adaptive radiations can be a direct consequence of...Ch. 23 - A researcher discovers a fossil of what appears to...Ch. 23 - A genetic change that caused a certain Hox gene to...Ch. 23 - A swim bladder is a gas-filled sac that helps fish...Ch. 23 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Herbivory (plant eating) has...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Describe how gene flow, genetic...Ch. 23 - FOCUS ON ORGANIZATION You have seen many examples...Ch. 23 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In 2010, the Soufriere...
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- Some people think that many of our uniquely human traits arose by sexual selection. Over thousands of years, women attracted to charming, witty men perhaps prompted the development of human intellect beyond what was necessary for mere survival. Men attracted to women with juvenile features may have shifted the species as a whole to be less hairy and softer featured than any of our simian relatives. Can you think of a way to test these hypotheses?arrow_forward6) The lens of the vertebrate eye develops only after the head ectoderm comes in contact with the optic cup. This is an example of A) Determination B) Differentiation C) Pattern formation D) Induction 5) The evolutionary process most likely to account for the fixation of neutral or even non-adaptive genes or gene combinations in small populations is called A) Darwinian selection B) Recombination C) Mutation D) Genetic driftarrow_forwardThe first modern humans evolved in Africa. a) What are two kinds of evidence supporting that conclusion, one based on data from living individuals and one from some other source of data? b) What are some unique anatomic and behavioral traits that are unique to hominid species compared to primates, and to Homo sapiens in particular, compared to other hominid species?arrow_forward
- Considering the evolution of species, could a gene that is conserved from yeast to humans have evolved to confer some of the complex traits that we observe in modern animals, like multicellularity? Briefly explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following best describes the evolution of smell in chordates? A) Ancestrally, jawless fish had few ancestral scent genes that coded for receptors resembling a combination of water and air receptors. Subsequently these genes were duplicated and specialized through natural selection either for use in water or air. B) Ancestrally, all olfactory receptors where specialized for water as the ancestor of all vertebrates was aquatic. Only once did olfactory genes become duplicated and specialized and this was in the transition to land for receptors that work in air. C) All chordates share the same number of scent receptor genes. However, they have become variously deactivated through natural selection due to either unuse or a tradeoff for sight genes. D) None of the above.arrow_forwardRegarding the evolution of the mammalian inner ear, the above diagram shows:A) the co-option of jaw bones (colored) for use in hearingB) the loss of jaw bones (colored) and the origin of de-novo hearing bones C) the evolution of synapsids, which have little to do with mammalian evolutionD) the results of a population bottleneck which led to the fixation of odd alleles for ear developmentarrow_forward
- At what stages in the development of a human has the evolutionary process introduced genetic diversity?arrow_forwardThe path of whale evolution has involved the reduction or loss of several traits that are still prominent in most other mammals. TRUE (1) or FALSE (2). In terrestrial mammals, the sense of smell (olfaction) involves receptor proteins encoded by a number of genes. Whales don't have a sense of smell underwater, but their genomes still contain copies (pseudogenes) of some of these olfactory genes in their genomes. Because they are still present in whales' genomes, these genes must serve some other function in whales. Whales have some vestigial features like muscles that are attached to external ears in other mammals, even though whales have lost their external ears. Humans also lost some traits (e.g., body fur) and also have some vestigial traits, such as a mechanism to cause fur to stand on end even though we are mostly hairless (i.e., arrector pili muscles that produce goosebumps). Some features like hindlimb buds and whiskers are observed…arrow_forwardWhat factors could be responsible for the size differences among modern vertebrate genomes?arrow_forward
- Eyes are often used in arguments for intelligent design because many consider this organ to be too complex to have evolved by chance alone. However, complex lensed eyes evolved independently both within cephalod mollusks and vertebrates including our own ancestor. In the evolution of these structures the corresponding phylogenies revealed that both: A) were preceded by the evolution of 'simple' light sensing eyes, thus having adaptive intermediate evolutionary steps. B) lacked intermediate evolutionary steps involving the evolution of 'simple' eyes. C) had intermediate evolutionary steps, but ultimately the vertebrate eye had a superior 'design' without any kind of blind spot, relative to the simple invertebrate cephalopod eye. D) were preceded by vestigial non-functional optic structures.arrow_forwardHow are the striking similarities among genes that govern development in widely differing species strong evidence for evolution?arrow_forwardMany species look similar as embryos. What causes them to appear different as adults? Why does the study of development give insights into evolutionary relationships?arrow_forward
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