Concept explainers
Place the following events of glucose catabolism in the correct order, placing a 1 by the first event, a 2 by the second, and so forth.
a. _________ Electrons are passed between electron carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane, and hydrogen ions are pumped into the intermembrane space.
b. __________ ATP is generated in the cytosol by substrate-level phosphorylation; NADH is generated as well.
c. ________ Hydrogen ions pass through the channel of ATP synthase and ATP is released from the enzyme.
d. ________ Acetyl-CoA is combined with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
e. ________ ATP is consumed to split glucose into two three-carbon compounds.
f. ________ Pyruvate loses a carbon, forming acetyl-CoA, carbon dioxide, and NADH.
g. _______ Citrate undergoes a series of
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EP HUMAN ANATOMY+PHYSIOLOGY-MOD.MASTER.
- The oxidative phase of the pentose phosphate pathway produces which of the following (note - select all that apply)? A. ATP B. Glucose-6-phosphate C. NADPH D. Ribose-5-phosphatearrow_forwardWhich of the following dehydrogenases delivers electrons to directly to UQ in the electron transport pathway from the intermembrane space side of the inner mitochondrial membrane? a. succinate dehydrogenase b. acyl CoA dehydrogenase c. creatine kinase dehydrogenase d. glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenasearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about cellular respiration is TRUE in eukaryotes? A. For every molecule of NADH oxidized in the electron transport chain, 1 molecule of ATP is produced. B. ATP synthase harnesses the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space to produce ATP. C. ATP synthase transduces the flow of protons (hydrogen ions = H+) from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix into kinetic (mechanical) energy D. H2O is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain, being oxidized to O2 and H+. E. All of the above are truearrow_forward
- Indicate whether each of the following aspects of the carnitine shuttle system associated with the process of B oxidation occurs in the mitochondrial matrix or in the mitochondrial intermembrane space. a. Acyl CoA is reactant b. Carnitine enters the inner mitochondrial membrane. c. Carnitine is covered to acyl carnitine. d. Free CoA is reactantarrow_forwarda) Explain how in oxygenated tissue your cells use your MITOCHONDRIA to produce energy: DESCRIBE the processes occurring in your MITOCHONDRIA (intermediate stage, Krebs, and ETC), Make sure to mention where those processes occur.b) How many ATP per glucose are formed in your mitochondria? Where are they formed?arrow_forwardGlucose must be activated a. The activation process produces 3 ATP. b. In the digestive system before being oxidized in the mitochondria c. In the mitochondria before being oxidized in the cytoplasm d. In the blood before being oxidized in the cytoplasmarrow_forward
- Consider ten glucose molecules that enter a cell. How many ATP can be generated by the complete catabolism of these into CO2 and H2O? If all ten are first incorporated into glycogen, liberated from glycogen, and then fully catabolized into CO2 and H2O, does the ATP tally increase, decrease or stay the same? Consider that 1 UTP = 1 ATP. Explain. Describe the processes which produce ATP and provide a balanced equation of glucose, CO2, H2O and O2arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is a lie? Select one: a.The continuous pumping of hydrogen ions creates a higher H+ concentration in the matrix inside the mitochondria compared to the concentration in the intermembrane space. b.There are four sets of enzyme complexes labeled with roman numerals I to IV that as a whole is referred to as the Electron Transport Chain (ETC). c.The last electron acceptor is the oxygen ion which is reduced to form water after the process.arrow_forwardIf your body sense that is very low on the substrates necessary to produce ATP homeostatic control mechanisms will alter enzyme levels such that your body begins the processes of deamination and gluconeogenesis. Combined, these two sets of chemical pathways convert amino acids and already assembled proteins into substrates for glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, thereby replenishing (in part) your supply of energy. This is an example of what? a. positive feedback loop b. negative feedback loop c.feedforward regulationarrow_forward
- The image shows the flow of electrons through electron carriers I, II, III, and IV within the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electronegativity of the protein carriers determines their capacity to attract electrons. Based on the image, which of the following best describes the electronegativity of the carriers and the synthesis and utilization of ATP during the electron-transfer process? Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most electronegative. ATP is required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is not required for electron transfer between carriers. Electron carrier I is the most electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the least electronegative. ATP is utilized in a distinct reaction, not directly coupled with electron transfer. Electron carrier I is the least electronegative, and electron carrier IV is the most…arrow_forwardCHOOSE THE CORRECT LETTER Which of the following conditions promote the synthesis of ATP through the electron transport chain?A.proton pump from outer mitochondrial membrane to inner mitochondrial membraneB. proton pump from matrix to inner mitochondrial membraneC. proton pump from inner mitochondrial membrane to outer mitochondrial membraneD. proton pump from inner mitochondrial membrane to matrixarrow_forwardMitochondria convert food to energy/ATP and are thus referred as the ‘powerhouses’ of a cell. This conversion of food to energy process is more efficient than the processes which rely on anaerobic energy production only. Name and explain the energy production process carried out by mitochondria.arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning