Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The effect of PAN on archaeal proteasome activity in the absence of nucleotides should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Proteasomes are the protein complexes; whose function is to degrade the damaged proteins by the process of proteolysis. Proteolysis process breaks the peptide bonds between the amino acids. Further, the enzymes that help in this process is termed as proteases. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.
(b)
Interpretation:
The
Concept introduction:
Proteasomes are the protein complexes; whose function is to degrade the damaged proteins by the process of proteolysis. Proteolysis process breaks the peptide bonds between the amino acids. Further, the enzyme that helps in this process is termed as proteases. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.
(c)
Interpretation:
The evidences that suggest that ATP hydrolysis is required for proteolysis, not just the presence of ATP, should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Proteasomes are the protein complexes; whose function is to degrade the damaged proteins by the process of proteolysis. Proteolysis process breaks the peptide bonds between the amino acids. Further, the enzyme that helps in this process is termed as proteases. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.
(d)
Interpretation:
The reason for differences in peptide digestion and protein digestion should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Proteasomes are the protein complexes; whose function is to degrade the damaged proteins by the process of proteolysis. Proteolysis process breaks the peptide bonds between the amino acids. Further, the enzyme that helps in this process is termed as proteases. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.
(e)
Interpretation:
The reason for the differences between protein digestion and peptide digestion should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Proteasomes are the protein complexes; whose function is to degrade the damaged proteins by the process of proteolysis. Proteolysis process breaks the peptide bonds between the amino acids. Further, the enzyme that helps in this process is termed as proteases. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.
(f)
Interpretation:
If Thermoplasma PAN can augment protein digestion by proteasomes from other organisms should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Proteasomes are the protein complexes; whose function is to degrade the damaged proteins by the process of proteolysis. Proteolysis process breaks the peptide bonds between the amino acids. Further, the enzyme that helps in this process is termed as proteases. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.
(g)
Interpretation:
The significance of the stimulation of the stimulation of rabbit muscle proteasome by Thermoplasma PAN should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Proteasomes are the protein complexes; whose function is to degrade the damaged proteins by the process of proteolysis. Proteolysis process breaks the peptide bonds between the amino acids. Further, the enzyme that helps in this process is termed as proteases. In eukaryotes, proteasomes are found in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the cell.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 23 Solutions
SAPLINGPLUS F/BIOCHEM+ICLICKER REEF-CODE
- Which type of enzyme catalyses the following reaction? oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, isomerase, or ligase.arrow_forward+NH+ CO₂ +P H₂N + ATP H₂N NH₂ +ADParrow_forwardWhich type of enzyme catalyses the following reaction? oxidoreductase, transferase, hydrolase, lyase, isomerase, or ligase.arrow_forward
- Which features of the curves in Figure 30-2 indicates that the enzyme is not consumed in the overall reaction? ES is lower in energy that E + S and EP is lower in energy than E + P. What does this tell you about the stability of ES versus E + S and EP versus E + P.arrow_forwardLooking at the figure 30-5 what intermolecular forces are present between the substrate and the enzyme and the substrate and cofactors.arrow_forwardprovide short answers to the followings Urgent!arrow_forward
- Pyruvate is accepted into the TCA cycle by a “feeder” reaction using the pyruvatedehydrogenase complex, resulting in acetyl-CoA and CO2. Provide a full mechanismfor this reaction utilizing the TPP cofactor. Include the roles of all cofactors.arrow_forwardB- Vitamins are converted readily into important metabolic cofactors. Deficiency inany one of them has serious side effects. a. The disease beriberi results from a vitamin B 1 (Thiamine) deficiency and ischaracterized by cardiac and neurological symptoms. One key diagnostic forthis disease is an increased level of pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate in thebloodstream. How does this vitamin deficiency lead to increased serumlevels of these factors? b. What would you expect the effect on the TCA intermediates for a patientsuffering from vitamin B 5 deficiency? c. What would you expect the effect on the TCA intermediates for a patientsuffering from vitamin B 2 /B 3 deficiency?arrow_forwardDraw the Krebs Cycle and show the entry points for the amino acids Alanine,Glutamic Acid, Asparagine, and Valine into the Krebs Cycle - (Draw the Mechanism). How many rounds of Krebs will be required to waste all Carbons of Glutamic Acidas CO2?arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168130Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark WomblePublisher:OpenStax College
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningConcepts of BiologyBiologyISBN:9781938168116Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James WisePublisher:OpenStax College





