Chapter 23, Problem 45PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The systematic name of the given alcohols is to be written. The given alochol is whether primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol has tobe identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

IUPAC naming for Alkane:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alcohols are the hydrocarbons which have $\text{OH}$ group attached to one of the carbon atom of the linear chain. The suffix name for $\text{OH}$ group is “-ol” written in the end of parent name with its position.

Alcohols can be of three types on the basis of degree of carbon atom to which the $\text{OH}$ group is attached.

Primary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to primary carbon atom.

Secondary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to secondary carbon atom

Tertiary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to tertiary carbon atom

Answer to Problem 45PS

The systematic name of the alcohol is1-propanol and it is a Primary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given alcohol is,

  

• The longest chain has three carbon atoms so parent chain will be propane.
• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to $\text{C-1}$

Therefore,

The systematic name of the alcohol is 1-propanol.

• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to primary carbon atom which makes it a primary alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The systematic name of the given alcohols is to be written. The given alochol is whether primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol has tobe identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

IUPAC naming for Alkane:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alcohols are the hydrocarbons which have $\text{OH}$ group attached to one of the carbon atom of the linear chain. The suffix name for $\text{OH}$ group is “-ol” written in the end of parent name with its position.

Alcohols can be of three types on the basis of degree of carbon atom to which the $\text{OH}$ group is attached.

Primary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to primary carbon atom.

Secondary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to secondary carbon atom

Tertiary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to tertiary carbon atom

Answer to Problem 45PS

The systematic name of the alcohol is 1-butanol and it is a Primary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given alcohol is,

  

• The longest chain has four carbon atoms so parent chain will be butane.
• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to $\text{C-1}$

Therefore,

The systematic name of the alcohol is 1-butanol.

• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to primary carbon atom which makes it a primary alcohol.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The systematic name of the given alcohols is to be written. The given alochol is whether primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol has tobe identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

IUPAC naming for Alkane:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alcohols are the hydrocarbons which have $\text{OH}$ group attached to one of the carbon atom of the linear chain. The suffix name for $\text{OH}$ group is “-ol” written in the end of parent name with its position.

Alcohols can be of three types on the basis of degree of carbon atom to which the $\text{OH}$ group is attached.

Primary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to primary carbon atom.

Secondary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to secondary carbon atom

Tertiary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to tertiary carbon atom

Answer to Problem 45PS

The systematic name of the alcohol is 2-methyl-2-propanol and it is a tertiary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given alcohol is,

  

• The longest chain has three carbon atoms so parent chain will be propane.
• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to $\text{C-2}$
• One methyl group is present on the second carbon atom.

Therefore,

The systematic name of the alcohol is 2-methyl-2-propanol.

• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to tertiary carbon atom which makes it a tertiary alcohol.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The systematic name of the given alcohols is to be written. The given alochol is whether primary, secondary or tertiary alcohol has tobe identified.

Concept introduction:

Systematic Name: It is a standardized name given for a chemical compound in systematic manner. Any organic molecule can be named by using IUPAC (International Union for Pure and applied chemistry) rules. IUPAC name consists of three parts in major namely Prefix suffix and root word.

Prefix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkyl group and carboxy, amino, cyano etc…

Suffix represents the substituent present in the molecule. It can be any alkene, alkyne, alcohol, carboxylic acid, alcohol etc...

Root word represents the longest continuous carbon skeleton present in the organic molecule.

When a molecule consists of cyclic structure, the root word of the molecule is prefixed with cyclo.

IUPAC naming for Alkane:

Name the main chain: Find the longest carbon chain and name the chain according to the number of carbon atoms it contains; is also the suffix part of the name.

Number the carbon atoms in the main chain: The carbons are numbered, in which the substituents must get lowest possible numbers.

Identify the substituents, and number each: The number at where substituents are present has to be noted. The substituents written as prefix.

Write the names as a single word: Use the hyphen to separate the numbers from the different prefix; commas to separate numbers. If two or more different substituents are present, arrange them in alphabetical order. If two or more identical substituents are present, use prefixes di-, tri-, tetra-, but this particular prefix should not be used for alphabetizing purpose.

Alcohols are the hydrocarbons which have $\text{OH}$ group attached to one of the carbon atom of the linear chain. The suffix name for $\text{OH}$ group is “-ol” written in the end of parent name with its position.

Alcohols can be of three types on the basis of degree of carbon atom to which the $\text{OH}$ group is attached.

Primary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to primary carbon atom.

Secondary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to secondary carbon atom

Tertiary alcohol: The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to tertiary carbon atom

Answer to Problem 45PS

The systematic name of the alcohol is2-methyl-2-butanol and it is a tertiary alcohol.

Explanation of Solution

The given alcohol is,

  

• The longest chain has four carbon atoms so parent chain will be butane.
• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to $\text{C-2}$
• One methyl group is present on the second carbon atom.

Therefore,

The systematic name of the alcohol is 2-methyl-2-butanol.

• The $\text{OH}$ group is attached to tertiary carbon atom which makes it a tertiary alcohol.